Pictures of Lille

In photography, reversal film is a type of photographic film that produces a positive image on a transparent base. The film is processed to produce transparencies or diapositives (abbreviated as "diafilm" in many countries) instead of negatives and prints. Reversal film is produced in various sizes, from 35 mm roll film to 8×10 inch sheet film.

A slide is a specially mounted individual transparency intended for projection onto a screen using a slide projector. This allows the photograph to be viewed by a large audience at once. The most common form is the 35 mm slide, with the image framed in a 2×2 inch cardboard or plastic mount. Some specialized labs produce photographic slides from digital camera images in formats such as JPEG, from computer-generated presentation graphics, and from a wide variety of physical source material such as fingerprints, microscopic sections, paper documents, astronomical images, etc.

Reversal film is sometimes used as motion picture film, mostly in the 16 mm, Super 8 and 8 mm "cine" formats, to yield a positive image on the camera original. This avoids the expense of using negative film, which requires additional film and processing to create a positive film print for projection.

 

Rotterdam Harbour 1926

- In the archives of Rotterdam is a film surfaced which gives an image of Rotterdam in the year 1926. Nothing strange, were it not that the picture quality is very good to say.

On the film we see tugs 'fight' on the Nieuwe Maas, there is a steam train on the bridge and of course for the attentive viewer there is more to discover.

Espana del Norte

A slide presentation about this part of Spain

A film is a ribbon of dreams. The camera is much more than a recording apparatus; it is a medium via which messages reach us from another world that is not ours and that brings us to the heart of a great secret. Here magic begins.

Orson Welles

Cinema Europa

The history of film began in the 1890s, with the invention of the first motion-picture cameras and the establishment of the first film production companies. The films of the 1890s were under a minute long and until 1927, motion pictures were produced without sound. The first eleven years of motion pictures show the cinema moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The films became several minutes long consisting of several shots. The first rotating camera for taking panning shots was built in 1897. The first film studios were built in 1897. Special effects were introduced and film continuity, involving action moving from one sequence into another, began to be used. In 1900, continuity of action across successive shots was achieved and the close-up shot was introduced. Most films of this period were what came to be called "chase films". The first use of animation in movies was in 1899. The first feature length multi-reel film was a 1906 Australian production. The first successful permanent theatre showing only films was "The Nickelodeon" in Pittsburgh in 1905. By about 1910, actors began to receive screen credit for their roles, and the way to the creation of film stars was opened. Regular newsreels were exhibited from 1910 and soon became a popular way for finding out the news. Overall, from about 1910, American films had the largest share of the market in all European countries except France.

Cinemagician

 

Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, known as Georges Méliès 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938), was a French illusionist and filmmaker famous for leading many technical and narrative developments in the earliest days of cinema. Méliès, a prolific innovator in the use of special effects, accidentally discovered the substitution stop trick in 1896, and was one of the first filmmakers to use multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted color in his work. Because of his ability to seemingly manipulate and transform reality through cinematography, Méliès is sometimes referred to as the first "Cinemagician".His films include A Trip to the Moon (1902) and The Impossible Voyage (1904), both involving strange, surreal journeys somewhat in the style of Jules Verne, and are considered among the most important early science fiction films, though their approach is closer to fantasy.

Trippel Dutch

A home movie is a short amateur film or video typically made just to preserve a visual record of family activities, a vacation or a special event and intended for viewing at home by family and friends. Originally, home movies were made on photographic film in formats that usually limited the movie-maker to about three minutes per roll of costly camera film. The advent of camcorders that could record an hour or two of video on one inexpensive videocassette, followed by digital video cameras that recorded to flash memory, and most recently smartphones with video recording capability, made the creation of home movies easier and much more affordable to the average person.

The technological boundaries between home-movie-making and professional movie-making are becoming increasingly blurred as prosumer equipment often offers features previously only available on professional equipment.

Lille Nord de France

Experimental film or experimental cinema is a type of cinema.Its origins can be found in European avant-garde movements of the twenties.

An experimental film is often characterized by the absence of linear narrative, the use of various abstracting techniques, asynchronous (non-diegetic) sound or even the absence of any sound track. Most such films are made on very low budgets, self-financed or financed through small grants, with a minimal crew. Experimental film emerged in Europe in the 1920s because cinema had matured as a medium and avant-garde movements in the visual arts were growing.

 

 

Ponts et Eaux

Underground
The term describes a range of filmmaking styles that are generally quite different from, and often opposed to, the practices of mainstream commercial and documentary filmmaking. Avant-garde is also used, for the films shots in the twenties in the field of history’s avant-gardes currents in France, Germany or Russia, to describe this work, and "underground" was used in the sixties, though it has also had other connotations. Today the term "experimental cinema" prevails, because it’s possible to make experimental films without the presence of any avant-garde movement in the cultural field.

Annecy

The Annecy International Animation Film Festival (Festival International du Film d'Animation d'Annecy, abbreviated as AIAFF) was created in 1960 and takes place at the beginning of June in the town of Annecy, France. Initially occurring every two years, the festival became annual in 1998. It is one of the four international animated film festivals sponsored by the Association Internationale du Film d'Animation (or ASIFA, the International Animated Film Association).

The festival is a competition between cartoon films of various techniques (animated drawings, cut-out papers, modelling clay, etc.) classified in various categories:

Serenata nocturna

This film Serenata Nocturna is the first puppet animation where Joop Geesink actively involved. The title indicates that it comes from the Geesink-Bearer studio, which still holds only in 1942 engaged in cartoon.

Credits
Title : Seranata Noctura
Client : Philips
Height : 3 minutes
Production Year : 1942
Format : 35 mm, black / white
Script: Joop Geesink & Marten Bearer
Dolls : Dopey Scheffer
Dolls Clothes : Phiny Dick (wife of marten Bearer)
Decors : Hagemeyer & Loek van Delden
Further staff Jan Duyfvetter, John van der Meulen and Bertus Outmayer

Nice Cote d' Azure

Focal length and diaphragm aperture affect the depth of field of a scene — that is, how much the background, mid-ground and foreground will be rendered in "acceptable focus" (only one exact plane of the image is in precise focus) on the film or video target. Depth of field (not to be confused with depth of focus) is determined by the aperture size and the focal distance. A large or deep depth of field is generated with a very small iris aperture and focusing on a point in the distance, whereas a shallow depth of field will be achieved with a large (open) iris aperture and focusing closer to the lens.

 

Masks (Annecy)

Masks play a key part within world theatre traditions, particularly non-western theatre forms. They also continue to be a vital force within contemporary theatre, and their usage takes a variety of forms.

In many cultural traditions the masked performer is a central concept and is highly valued. In the western tradition actors in Ancient Greek theatre wore masks, as they do in traditional Japanese Noh drama. In some Greek masks the wide and open mouth of the mask contained a brass megaphone enabling the voice of the wearer to be projected into the large auditoria. In medieval Europe masks were used in mystery and miracle plays to portray allegorical creatures, and the performer representing God frequently wore a gold or gilt mask. During the Renaissance masques and ballet de cour developed - courtly masked entertainments that continued as part of ballet conventions until the late eighteenth century. The masked characters of the Commedia dell'arte included the ancestors of the modern clown. In contemporary western theatre the mask is often used alongside puppetry to create a theatre which is essentially visual rather than verbal, and many of its practitioners have been visual artists.

Masks and puppets were often incorporated into the theatre work of European avant-garde artists from the turn of the nineteenth century. Alfred Jarry, Pablo Picasso, Oskar Schlemmer and other artists of the Bauhaus School, as well as surrealists and Dadaists, experimented with theatre forms and masks in their work.

Jeroen Bosch painter

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Making an animation such as this requires a lot of work and precision. First, Chris de Krijger made a collage of digital drawings, photography, patterns and hand-painted paint layers for each scene. He then cut out all moving parts and reconstructed them into landscapes and figures using the video processing programme Adobe After Effects. The giant in this video, for example, is made up of individual body parts. The movement is made by moving these a tiny bit frame by frame until he finally moves as intended. This so-called ‘cut-out technique’ was originally done with paper, but today it is done digitally. It is made in 25 frames per second, which means that for the 3 minutes of this video, around 4500 individual images had to be placed one after another. For Chris de Krijger, the technique offered the possibility of actually allowing the painting to come to life without him having to draw everything himself. It is now really Hieronymus Bosch’s giant that moves

Midi de France

 
Amateur films were usually shot on 16 mm film or on 8 mm film (Either Double-8 or Super-8) until the advent of cheap video cameras or digital equipment. The advent of digital video and computer based editing programs greatly expanded the technical quality achievable by the amateur and low-budget filmmaker. Amateur video has now become the choice for the low-budget filmmaker and has boomed into a very watched and even produced industry with the usage of VHS and digital video camcorders.

 

Uppsala traveling around

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques used to reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure. Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, although electronic image stabilization can also be used to compensate for rotation. It is used in image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, and astronomical telescopes. With still cameras, camera shake is particularly problematic at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length (telephoto or zoom) lenses. With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens-shake is added to by variations in the atmosphere over time, which will cause the apparent positions of objects to change.

Deventer

 

The Documentary film of the Netherlands has long been renowned world wide. The most prominent Dutch directors, especially those who started their careers before World War II, came from a documentary background, for instance Joris Ivens and Bert Haanstra.
Documentaries still play an important part in Dutch film industry. The International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam, held annually in November, is considered one of the largest documentary film festivals in the world.

Fyra Fiasco

Fyra was an international high-speed rail service between the Netherlands and Belgium using the AnsaldoBreda V250 train. The service used the HSL-Zuid and HSL 4 railway lines to connect Amsterdam, Schiphol Airport, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Brussels. Continuous technical difficulties suspended the service, and it was eventually permanently halted due to reliability and safety concerns.

The high profile project was a collaboration between NS International (a joint venture of NS and KLM) and NMBS/SNCB.

A Dutch domestic service also using HSL-Zuid was branded under the same name. Despite using the tracks built for high speed trains the service between Amsterdam and Breda uses conventional trains propelled by a TRAXX locomotive. Its name was changed into Intercity Direct to avoid confusion with the failed international service.

The name "Fyra" represents pride, and is derived from the Dutch word fier and the French word fière, both meaning proud. Fyra is also the Swedish word for four, and is said to represent the four important cities which the new trains were intended to serve — Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerp and Brussels.

 

Painting with light

Light art takes over the Rijksmuseum by night
Starting March 25th, a unique light art night exhibition will be hosted at the Rijksmuseum. Inspired by Rembrandt’s work with light, artist Eelco van den Berg will use a cutting edge light technique to create the biggest portrait of inspiring people. Become part of the Rijksmuseum’s special Night Exhibition,

School-journey

A wonderful example

The archives of the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision in Hilversum, of EYE in Amsterdam, and of the National Archive in The Hague contain the visual history of the past 100 years. Films, documentaries, radio broadcast, and television programmes comprise more than 700.000 hours worth of material. The costs for creating this oeuvre have run into the billions. The educational, cultural, and economical value of this material is unprecedented.

The main goal of the project is realising maximum accessibility to the audiovisual material for the targeted user groups (educational institutions, the general public, and the creative sector). To reach this goal, Images for the Future is developing and offering innovative services and applications.

 

Light painting

Jason D. Page, Light Painting Documentary from Jason D. Page on Vimeo.
Light Painter Jason D. Page shines light into the darkness to find beauty where many would find unease. This 7 minute documentary explains what light painting is, how Jason discovered light painting, and why light painting is so significant in his life.

If you enjoy this film please share it!

See More Images At http://www.jasondpage.com
Friend me on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jasondpage
Follow me on Instagram: http://instagram.com/jasondpage_lightpainter

Produced and Directed by: Jacob Peterson
Filmed by: Jacob Peterson, John Bibbo, Chris Leidy, Geoff Dunn, Christie Page, Courtney Page
Surfing footage by: Jason D. Page
All still images are light paintings created by Jason D. Page

Music Credits:
Artist: M83
Song: "We Own The Sky"
Album: Saturdays = Youth

Artist: Linsey Stirling
Song: "Crystallize"
Album: Lindsey Stirling

Artist: Helen Jane Long
Song: "Echo"
Album: Porcelain

Special Thanks: Nana and Pops, Courtney, Mom, Christie, Christopher, Kendall Fabian, Geoff , Eric LaChance, Johnny, Carolina, Kristin, Rob @ Coast, Vicki DaSilva, and Dean Chamberlain.

Thank you to all my friends in the light painting community and all the Light Painting Pioneers:
Étienne-Jules Marey, Georges Demeny, Frank Gilbreth, Man Ray, Gjon Mili, Barbara Morgan, Jack Delano, Andreas Feininger, George Mathieu, David Lebe, Eric Staller, Dean Chamberlain, Jacques Pugin, Jozef Sedlák, Vicki DaSilva, Kamil Varga, John Hesketh, Tokihiro Sato, Troy Paiva, Bruno Mesrine, Patrick Rochon, Aurora Crowley, Arturo Aguiar, Lapp-Pro, JanLeonardo, Chanette Manso, Michael Bosanko, Pete Eckert, and the ones that I forgot....

Train trip in Scotland

On top of the works created by Scottish directors, there have been many successful non-Scottish films shot in Scotland. Mel Gibson’s Academy Award-winning Braveheart is perhaps the best-known and most commercially successful of these, having grossed $350,000,000 worldwide. The film won 5 Academy Awards, including ‘Best Picture’ and ‘Best Director’ and was nominated for additional awards. The film’s depiction of the Battle of Stirling Bridge, which the plot of the film surrounds, is often regarded as one of the greatest movie battles in cinema history.

Living pictures

To avoid violating Edison’s motion picture patents, Biograph cameras from 1895 to 1902 used a large-format film measuring 2-23/32 inches (68 mm) wide, with an image area of 2 × 2½ inches, four times that of Edison’s 35 mm format. The camera used friction feed, instead of Edison’s sprocket feed, to guide the film to the aperture. The camera itself punched a sprocket hole on each side of the frame as the film was exposed at 30 frames per second. A patent case victory in March 1902 allowed Biograph and other producers and distributors to use the less expensive 35 mm format without an Edison license, although Biograph did not completely phase out 68 mm production until autumn of 1903. Biograph offered prints in both formats to exhibitors until 1905, when it discontinued the larger format.

 

West NorthBrabant

World cinema is a term used primarily in English language speaking countries to refer to the films and film industries of non-English speaking countries. It is therefore often used interchangeably with the term foreign film. However, both world cinema and foreign film could be taken to refer to the films of all countries other than one's own, regardless of native language.

 

Fontaine de Strawinsky

Niki de Saint Phalle (born Catherine-Marie-Agnès Fal de Saint Phalle, 29 October 1930 – 21 May 2002) was a French sculptor, painter, and filmmaker.

Influenced by Gaudí's Parc Güell in Barcelona, as well as Palais Idéal by Ferdinand Cheval, and Watts Towers by Simon Rodia, Saint Phalle decided that she wanted to make something similar; a monumental sculpture park created by a woman.

Many of Saint Phalle's sculptures are large and some of them are exhibited in public places, including: The Stravinsky Fountain (fr: La Fontaine Stravinsky) is a whimsical public fountain ornamented with sixteen works of sculpture, moving and spraying water, representing the works of composer Igor Stravinsky.

The French Postman

For the next 33 years, he collected stones along his postal route. Sometimes just one or two, and other times, wheelbarrows full of them. Having left school at age 13, and with no training in architecture or art, 43 year old Postman Cheval began to build his palace with cement, wire and stones, working at night by an oil lamp.

The palace shows a mix of inspirations, including the Bible, Neuschwanstein, Hindu sanctuaries, Meliès, a cave, and a sandcastle. It also includes a shrine for his wheelbarrow. Cheval wanted to be buried in his palace, and when French authorities forbade it, he built his own magnificent vault in the local cemetery at the age of 80. Inscribed in the palace walls is Cheval's message to the world:

"I was not a builder, I had never handled a mason's trowel, I was not a sculptor. The chisel was unknown to me; not to mention architecture, a field of which I remained totally ignorant... Everything you can see, passer-by, is the work of one peasant, who, out of a dream, created the queen of the world..."

First footage of the Netherlands.

The camera people when filming filmed the reality.

For the spectators - in a time when even in a newspaper no picture could be found - it's a thrill. Among the now 35 mm preserved films are the oldest of the Netherlands documentary material. So we now know how in 1898 the mills of the Zaan turned and when it was cozy on the beach in front of the Kurhaus in Scheveningen and the Dam in Amsterdam.

 

 

Image: mixkit

Touching Van Gogh

Interactive video.
It's a motion picture that is interactive, but in most cases it's a video game with loads of filmed footage.
An interactive movie uses full-motion video to tell the story, it can be combined with images and photo's of course, but the base should be video/film footage.
An interactive story develops differently depending on the interaction of the audience, meaning that the viewer has to make choices in the storyline and that way the viewer chooses which videoclip will be shown.

Wrong choices will lead to a bad ending of the story, while correct choices will have the story continue until it is eventually completed.

 

 

Selfiecam

The appeal of selfies comes from how easy they are to create and share, and the control they give self-photographers over how they present themselves. Many selfies are intended to present a flattering image of the person, especially to friends whom the photographer expects to be supportive. However, a 2013 study of Facebook users found that posting photos of oneself correlates with lower levels of social support from and intimacy with Facebook friends (except for those marked as Close Friends).

The lead author of the study suggests that "those who frequently post photographs on Facebook risk damaging real-life relationships." The photo messaging application Snapchat is also largely used to send selfies. Some users of Snapchat choose to send intentionally-unattractive selfies to their friends for comedic purposes.

 

Moving Rembrandt's painting

Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn was born in Leiden, the son of a miller. After finishing Latin School, his parents enrolled him at Leiden University. Rembrandt soon dropped out and became an apprentice painter under Jacob van Swanenburch in Leiden, and later Pieter Lastman in Amsterdam. Back in Leiden, he set up as an independent artist together with Jan Lievens. At this time, Rembrandt mainly painted biblical scenes in a precise style and with vibrant colours.

In 1631, he moved to Amsterdam where he received numerous commissions for portraits. His many pupils included Ferdinand Bol, Govert Flinck and Carel Fabritius. In this period, Rembrandt develop a more powerful chiaroscuro, a looser brush and a greater sense of drama. He focused more on historical scenes, and made numerous etchings and drawings.

French church

Cinema of France refers to the film industry based in France. The French cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad.

France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its early significant contributions.
Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague, began in the country. 

It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government.

Carillonist

In medieval times, swinging bells were first used as a way of notifying people of fires, storms, wars, and other events. A ringing of bells from the lowest note to the highest note indicated that an attack had taken place. The use of bells in a musical fashion originated in the 16th century in the Low Countries. The first carillon was in Flanders, where a "fool" performed music on the bells of Oudenaarde Town Hall in 1510 by making use of a baton keyboard. The word "carillon" is from the French quadrillon, meaning four bells. Bell towers were often used to alert the city of the time of day, and just before the strike of the hour bell a few higher tones were struck to gain the attention of the city-folk.

 

Bouqueria Barcelona

Focal length and diaphragm aperture affect the depth of field of a scene — that is, how much the background, mid-ground and foreground will be rendered in "acceptable focus" (only one exact plane of the image is in precise focus) on the film or video target. Depth of field (not to be confused with depth of focus) is determined by the aperture size and the focal distance. A large or deep depth of field is generated with a very small iris aperture and focusing on a point in the distance, whereas a shallow depth of field will be achieved with a large (open) iris aperture and focusing closer to the lens.

 

Teachers birthday

Most cameras can also be handheld, that is held in the hands of the camera operator who moves from one position to another while filming the action. Personal stabilizing platforms came into being in the late 1970s through the invention of Garrett Brown, which became known as the Steadicam. The Steadicam is a body harness and stabilization arm that connects to the camera, supporting the camera while isolating it from the operator's body movements. After the Steadicam patent expired in the early 1990s, many other companies began manufacturing their concept of the personal camera stabilizer.

 

Video-art

Video art is an art form which relies on using video technology as a visual and audio medium. Video art emerged during the late 1960s as new consumer video technology such as video tape recorders became available outside corporate broadcasting. Video art can take many forms: recordings that are broadcast; installations viewed in galleries or museums; works streamed online, distributed as video tapes, or DVDs; and performances which may incorporate one or more television sets, video monitors, and projections, displaying live or recorded images and sounds.

Video art is named for the original analog video tape, which was the most commonly used recording technology in much of the form history into the 1990s. With the advent of digital recording equipment, many artists began to explore digital technology as a new way of expression.

One of the key differences between video art and theatrical cinema is that video art does not necessarily rely on many of the conventions that define theatrical cinema. Video art may not employ the use of actors, may contain no dialogue, may have no discernible narrative or plot, or adhere to any of the other conventions that generally define motion pictures as entertainment. This distinction also distinguishes video art from cinema's subcategories such as avant garde cinema, short films, or experimental film.

Bike camera

Under Bike Cameras you can find many action cameras, as well as accessories for different cameras. These cameras are suitable for many outdoor sports including cycling, they can take a beating and are almost always 100% waterproof. The image quality of these cameras nowadays meets the highest demands. With this action cameras, you can easily take pictures of your own actions. You mount the camera on your helmet or on the steering wheel and you can start!

Pictures of Barcelona

Film is an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten, and inspire audiences. The visual elements of cinema need no translation, giving the motion picture a universal power of communication. Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and in turn, affect them.

 

REMBRANDT at home

Rembrandt's home and studio

Get to know the master personally by visiting the home and studio of the illustrious artist Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669). In this house, where his son Titus was born and his wife Saskia died at a young age, many of his famous masterpieces were made. The interior of the house has been restored to its former, 17th-century glory and the rooms have been refurnished with works of art, furniture and other objects from Rembrandt's time.

Hardanger vida

Hardangervidda National Park consists of an area around 8000km² and is the highest mountain plateau in northern Europe.

Hardangervidda is a excellent place to visit both in summer- and wintertime. Hiking, cycling, fishing and kayaking are all very popular activites during summer. The national park is also a wonderful place to visit for tourists who wants to experience the best of norwegian wilderness (mountains, waterfalls, lakes, fjords etc.).

 

Late Rembrandt

This is the first time that an exhibition has been dedicated to the late work of one of the greatest painters who ever lived: Rembrandt. Over 100 of the paintings, drawings and prints that Rembrandt produced in the final phase of his life can be seen here, brought to you from museums and private collections across the globe. In Late Rembrandt, the Rijksmuseum is staging a major exhibition that you will only be able to experience once in your life!

 

Markiezin

In film, a storyboard artist is hired at the beginning of a project. When a storyboard artist is hired by a motion picture company, the artist must break down the scenes of the script into shots which can be filmed. This is done under the supervision of the film's director in order to ensure the director's vision from the start of the project. Therefore, it can be helpful for the storyboard artist to know the mechanics of filmmaking when assisting the director. As the production proceeds, the storyboards are presented to the cinematographer who is then responsible for bringing that vision to the screen. Film production companies may also hire a storyboard artist to create polished presentation-style storyboards (which might also include sound) which can be used by an executive producer to raise the money to create the film.

Schiedam

In the 1950s, playing home movies became popular in the United States as Kodak 8 mm film projector equipment became more affordable. The development of multi-channel audio systems and later LaserDisc in the 1980s created a new paradigm for home video. In the early to mid-1990s, a typical home cinema in the United States would have a LaserDisc or VHS player fed to a large rear-projection television set. Some people were using expensive front projectors in a darkened viewing room.

Beginning in the late 1990s, and continuing throughout much of the 2000s, home-theater technology progressed with the development of the DVD-Video format, Dolby Digital 5.1-channel audio ("surround sound") speaker systems, and high-definition television (HDTV). In the 2010s, 3D television technology and Blu-ray Disc have ushered in a new era of home theater once again.

 

Merry-go-round

A film transition is a technique used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing by which scenes or shots are combined. Most commonly this is through a normal cut to the next scene. Most films will also include selective use of other transitions, usually to convey a tone or mood, suggest the passage of time, or separate parts of the story. These other transitions may include dissolves, L cuts, fades (usually to black), match cuts, and wipes.

 

Early German movies

Expressionist movies relied heavily on symbolism and artistic imagery rather than stark realism to tell their stories. Given the grim mood in post-WWI Germany, it was not surprising that these films focused heavily on crime and horror. The film usually credited with sparking the popularity of expressionism is Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920). It painted a picture on the cinema screen with non-realistic sets built with exaggerated geometry, images painted on the floors and walls to represent objects (and often light and shadow), and a story involving the dark hallucinations of an insane man. . The Expressionist movement died down during the mid-1920s, but it continued to influence world cinema for years afterward. Its influence is particularly noticeable in American horror films and film noir, and the works of European directors as diverse as Jean Cocteau and Ingmar Bergman.

Eternal carnaval

Comedy refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or to amuse by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film and stand-up comedy. The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece. In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. Satire and political satire use comedy to portray persons or social institutions as ridiculous or corrupt, thus alienating their audience from the object of their humor. Parody subverts popular genres and forms, critiquing those forms without necessarily condemning them.

Battleship Potemkin

One of the most celebrated scenes in the film is the massacre of civilians on the Odessa Steps .

This scene has been described as one of the most influential in the history of cinema, because it introduced concepts of film editing and montage to cinema. In this scene, the Tsar's soldiers in their white summer tunics march down a seemingly endless flight of steps in a rhythmic, machine-like fashion, firing volleys into a crowd. A separate detachment of mounted Cossacks charges the crowd at the bottom of the stairs. The victims include an older woman wearing pince-nez, a young boy with his mother, a student in uniform and a teenage schoolgirl. A mother pushing an infant in a baby carriage falls to the ground dying and the carriage rolls down the steps amidst the fleeing crowd.

The massacre on the steps, which never took place, was presumably inserted by Eisenstein for dramatic effect and to demonise the Imperial regime. It is ironic that [Eisenstein] did it so well that today, the bloodshed on the Odessa steps is often referred to as if it really happened.

 

Trailer Fairytale

In less technical contexts, the term is also used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness, as in "fairy tale ending" (a happy ending) or "fairy tale romance" (though not all fairy tales end happily). Colloquially, a "fairy tale" or "fairy story" can also mean any farfetched story or tall tale; it is used especially of any story that not only is not true, but could not possibly be true. Legends are perceived as real; fairy tales may merge into legends, where the narrative is perceived both by teller and hearers as being grounded in historical truth. However, unlike legends and epics, they usually do not contain more than superficial references to religion and actual places, people, and events; they take place once upon a time rather than in actual times.

Horses rescued

Electronic news-gathering (ENG) is a broadcast news industry description of television producers, reporters and editors making use of electronic video and audio technologies for gathering and presenting news. The term was commonly used in the television news industry in the 1980s and 1990s, but it has since been less frequently used as the technology has become ubiquitous.

Electronic news-gathering can involve anything from a lone broadcast journalist reporter taking a single professional video camera out to shoot a story, to an entire television crew taking a production truck or satellite truck on location to do a live television news report for an outside broadcast newscast.

 

horse

 

Itch

A taboo is a strong social prohibition (or ban) against words, objects, actions, or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group, culture, society, or community. Breaking a taboo is usually considered objectionable or abhorrent. Some taboo activities or customs are prohibited by law and transgressions may lead to severe penalties

Some taboos originated by acts of authority, be it legal, social or religious, over a period of time. When not in "polite society", discussions on taboos are allowed in humorous expression, such as comedy and satire like

Winter in St Petersburg

a slide show

Early motion pictures devices

The Mutoscope was an early motion picture device, patented by Herman Casler on November 21, 1894. Like Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope it did not project on a screen, and provided viewing to only one person at a time. Cheaper and simpler than the Kinetoscope, the system—marketed by the American Mutoscope Company (later the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company)—quickly dominated the coin-in-the-slot "peep-show" business.

The Mutoscope worked on the same principle as the "flip book". The individual image frames were conventional black-and-white, silver-based photographic prints on tough, flexible opaque cards. Rather than being bound into a booklet, the cards were attached to a circular core, rather like a huge Rolodex. A reel typically held about 850 cards, giving a viewing time of about a minute.