Probably the easiest one to control is the focal length of the lens being used. Focal length refers to whether it is a wide angle or telephoto lens. Most video cameras have a zoom lens, which is also known as a variable focal length lens. This means it has a wide angle setting, a telephoto setting and all settings in-between. As you zoom in and out, you are changing focal length.
By its very nature, a telephoto lens has a shallow depth of field. The longer the lens, the less depth of field. A 400 mm lens has virtually no depth of field whereas a modest telephoto, like an 80 mm, will have a slight depth of field.
A wide angle lens has a deep depth of field. The wider the lens, the larger the depth of field. An extreme wide angle lens has an infinite depth of field. It is almost impossible for any part of a wide angle shot to be out of focus because the depth of field is so great. It almost does not matter where your focus is actually set, everything will be in focus.
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