French City of the popes

The Festival d'Avignon is the place where artists from contracting aesthetic universes come together, discuss and confront their visions. Different origins, different generations are on stage at all times in this Festival that is both totally avant garde and a historical reference. More than 40 performances in twenty magnificent venues, ranginf from small 150-seat chapels to t he legendary, 2000-seat Cour d'honneur in the Palace of the Popes.

 

Meze dans Herault

An occupied settlement since ancient times Meze, on the noth-western coast of the Etang de Thau, is now an important local centre for oyster production. Although tourism has an increasingly important role to play, Meze is currently unspoiled and does not have too many tourists.

Your visit to Meze will focus around the harbour, and the streets in the immediately surounding area.
The harbour, still an active fishing port, is a pleasant place for a stroll, while the town itself has narrow streets to explore in the old town (especially the attractive vaulted passageways).

The Rijksmuseum online

Money shots in journalism are shots that grab and hold viewers' attention. They can include images of a person in an unusual, noteworthy, tragic, embarrassing, or incriminating situation, or news footage of a notable event, such as an earthquake, tornado, or explosion.

A money shot is typically a shot that would be difficult to set up or anticipate in advance. Because such shots are frequently fortuitous,
amateur footage is disproportionately represented among money shots: a shot of a tsunami rolling into a city is a rare and newsworthy money shot whether it was recorded by a professional crew or simply by an amateur who happened to be on the scene with a camera. In television news broadcasts, money shots are often repeated again and again in order to retain viewer attention.

                stop greenwashing ING sponsorship

Cloud film-making

In a recent blog post – Stop Making Docs - Brian Newman argued that the era of the short doc has arrived. With the web, shareable media, mobile exhibition, he argues, the longer and feature length documentaires that dominate festivals are no longer where it’s at, if the aim is to reach an audience and make an impact.

His alternative, “Make me a really interesting website, that happens to have

maybe 20 minutes total of video. In 3 minute segments. Let me trade it, use it, share it, on my phone. Let it actually have an impact instead of just stroking your and your funder’s egos. Let it be interesting and aware of today’s realities. Let it be useful. Let it never play a film festival. Ever.”

 

 

A free lunch

Following in the successful footsteps of actions by the Slow Food Youth Network in Berlin (SchnippelDisko) and France (DiscoSoupe), today’s Damn Food Waste/Disco Soep event at the Museumplein Amsterdam is a first for the Netherlands. Volunteers met at the Amsterdam Food Bank yesterday to wash, peel, and chop more than a thousand pounds of the “unwanted” vegetables collected. Today, huge pots of soup and curry are being dished up for free to thousands of people in the prominent city square from 12 pm – 6 pm, with DJs to entertain the crowds.

Of the annual 4.4 billion euros of food wasted in the Netherlands, more than half is thrown away by Dutch consumers – around 110 lbs per person. This is equivalent to around 100,000 garbage truck loads of good edible food going to waste, much of it having travelled long distances.

Winter in Segovia

The old city is spectacularly situated atop a long, narrow promontory. It contains a wealth of monuments, including the cathedral, a famous ancient Roman aqueduct, the Alcazar, and various churches built in the Romanesque style including San Esteban, San Martin, and San Millan. The old city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.The Alc?zar, or castle-palace, is perched at the tip of the promontory and towering over the countryside below. It was built but the Moors in the 12th century. During the Middle Ages, the Alcazar of Segovia was the favourite residence of kings of Castile, and almost each king added new parts to the building, transforming the original fortress into a courtier residence and prolonging the construction of the castle till 16th century, when King Philip II added the conical spires and the slate roofs.The church of Vera Cruz, beyond the Alcazar and the city walls was founded by the Knights Templar. It is built in the circular style, a common design of the Templar, in recognition of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.The aqueduct that stands at the entrance of the historic section of Segovia was built at the end of 1st to early 2nd century AD by the Romans during their occupation of the Iberian Peninsula. The aqueduct has become a symbol of the city. It was

originally constructed in order to bring water from the Frio River to the city about 18km away, which required it to stretch from the Sierra de Guadarrama to the walls of the old town. Its main part consists of 166 arches, supported by 120 pillars, which cover a distance of 1km (0.6mi). It is made of 20,400 large, rough-hewn granite blocks, joined without mortar or clamps. Its maximum height of 28.1m (100.53ft) is found at the plaza of Azoguejo. A raised section of stonework in the center once had an inscription. Today only the holes for the bronze letters survive.The Cathedral of Segovia stands in the city's central plaza. Constructed by architect Juan Gil de Hontanon in the late Gothic style between 1522 and 1577, it is widely considered Europe's last great Gothic cathedral.Owing to these famous monuments, Segovia is a very popular tourist destination, especially as a day-trip from Madrid.

 

 

Belevedere

Belvedere in Italian literally means fair view.It is used as a generic architectural term but it has been used to name buildingsor places like * The Belvedere a small garden casino near the Vatican Palace, Rome, * The Belvedere fort in Florence, Italy * Belvedere (palace) in Vienna * Belvedere Palace in Warsaw, Poland * Belvedere House and Gardens in Ireland * Belvedere Plantation near Richmond, Virginia * Belvedere Park & Belvedere Towers; in New Delhi, India * Claremont Belvedere; a stately home in Surrey, England. * Belvedere (Potsdam), Germany * Belvedere College, Dublin Ireland * Belvedere, California * Belvedere, South Carolina * Belvedere Park, Georgia * Belvedere, London and Belvedere railway station * Tunis Belvedere * The Belvedere Club in Charlevoix, Michigan Anyone knows where this video was taken??

Roadmovie in Spain

Road movieIn general, road movies are a cinematic genre in which the action takes places during a road journey or a vehicle-based film like Mad Max 2: The Road Warrior. Notable examples include Easy Rider, Thelma & Louise, Although the genre has its roots in earlier tales of epic journeys, such as Homer's Odyssey and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, road films are uniquely

post-WWII, reflecting the boom of America's postwar automobility and youth culture. Despite the fact that road movies existed in the Depression era, the genre only became self-aware as a genre in the 1960s with "Easy Rider" and "Bonnie and Clyde." For this reason, road movies offer a great pop cultural history of America's shifting relationship to the road, cars, and other technologies, especially as various rebel groups--hippies, blacks, gays and lesbians, women, asian americans--remap the American road story.Like their antecedents, the road movie tends towards an episodic structure. In each episode, there is a challenge to be met, although not all of them will be met successfully. In most episodes, a piece of the plot is revealed - knowledge or allies are gained, and so on.Road movies traditionally end in one of four ways:* having met with triumph at their ultimate destination, the protagonist/s return home, wiser for their experiences.* at the end of the journey, the protagonist/s find a new home at their destination.* the journey continues endlessly. In such cases, the last shot of the film is almost always the driver's point of view of a lonely highway at night.* having realised that, as a result of their journey, they can never go home, the protagonists either choose death or are killed.

 

En plein air

The title of the "Norman Switzerland", was given in 1932 by Mr Gourdeau, Minister of Tourism In the feudal era, castles and mostly manors were built in its area. About ten still exist and a few of them are in good condition. More recently, the Orne and its banks have changed, and this has had strong repercussions nowadays. In the eighteenth century, our ancestors did not really care about tourism, but the fords, mills and fisheries built at that time are an heritage which a lot of country can envy. Who could imagine its surroundings in the Moulin du Vey (Mill of the Vey) and its barrage, without its little bridges made with local stone, and its famous bridge crossing the Orne, fitting so well into the countryside. Nowadays, tourism develops itself in a peaceful environment, with the Orne's winding meanders, swelled with many streams.

Museum minute

A video mashup is the combination of multiple sources of videos which usually have no relation with each other, other than a derivative work, often lampooning its component sources or another text. Many mashup videos are humorous movie trailer parodies, a later genre of mashups gaining much popularity. To the extent that mashups are 'transformative' of original content, they may find protection from copyright claims under the "fair use" doctrine of U.S. copyright law.

Human Rights testimonial

WITNESS empowers human rights defenders to use video to fight injustice, and to transform personal stories of abuse into powerful tools that can pressure those in power or with power to act. By bringing often unseen images and seldom heard stories to the attention of key decision makers, the media, and the public–WITNESS catalyzes grassroots activism, political engagement, and lasting change. We bridge the worlds of human rights, media and technology by incorporating cutting-edge innovations into traditional approaches to advocacy. WITNESS’ unique contribution to the human rights community is to serve as global authority on best practices in the use of video for human rights purposes and a frontline resource for training and expertise
The Training section of our website is designed to help anyone interested in using video advocacy in their campaigns. All materials are downloadable and sharable. In our Tip Sheets section you will find tools for assessing if video is right for your campaign as well as practical how-to guides to help you make the most of video for human rights change.

Eyewitness

Witness that will bring about change in policies, law or people's behavior. And we define "video advocacy" as using visual media as a targeted tool that will engage people to create change. Video advocacy is not about using video primarily for publicity or as an educational or training tool. It requires setting specific objectives, identifying target audiences, and developing a strategic plan for production and distribution to ensure the video has impact as a specific tactic within a broader strategy.

Anyone can use video advocacy, from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to individual activists. Video is a democratic tool. However, video advocacy is a time- and labor-intensive process that requires significant commitment of human and other resources. And, as with all methodologies, it has advantages and limitations.

Carl Zeiss Jena

September 1847: With skill, experience, vigor, and ideas of his own, Carl Zeiss starts making microscopes on his new premises. These are simple microscopes, consisting of one lens only and intended mainly for dissecting work. During the first year, Zeiss sells as many as 23 of them, an
indication that they do well in comparison with other makes. Nevertheless, they undergo many improvements during the following years.Nowadays we all know the brand which is similar to high quality camera-lenses

Fishing around the Southpole

When the commercial whaling moratorium was introduced by the IWC in 1982, Japan lodged an official objection, but withdrew this objection in 1987 after the United States threatened it with sanctions. Therefore, in 1987, Japan stopped commercial whaling activities in Antarctic waters, but in the same year began a controversial scientific whaling program Japan's scientific whaling program has remained controversial, with conservation groups and anti-whaling countries such as the US and Australia maintaining that the number of animals killed is much greater than demanded by scientific purposes and that the real reason for the scientific kills is to provide whale meat for Japanese restaurants and supermarkets. The Japanese government points out that IWC regulations require that whale meat be utilised upon the completion of research. The Japanese government insists that it be allowed to continue research into whale populations and breeding habits in order to refute claims that commercial whaling threatens the sustainability of the populations. In 1994, Australia attempted to stop some of the Japanese whaling program by enforcing a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around the Australian Antarctic Territory. However, Antarctic territories are not generally recognized internationally.  Starting in 2007, Japan plans to harvest up to 50 humpback whales and 50 fin whales annually.

The park theater

Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical, film, and video production. It includes, but is not limited to, constructing and rigging scenery, hanging and focusing of lighting, design and procurement of costumes, makeup, procurement of props, stage management, and recording and mixing of sound. Stagecraft is distinct from the wider umbrella term of scenography. Considered a technical rather than an artistic field, it relates primarily to the practical implementation of a designer's artistic vision. In its most basic form, stagecraft is managed by a single person who arranges all scenery, costumes, lighting, and sound, and organizes the cast.

Beaune

BeauneBeaune is a commune in eastern France, a sous-prefecture of the Cote-d'Or departement, in the Bourgogne region.The area around Beaune, the Cote de Beaune, is known for its Burgundy wines, and Beaune is known for its annual wine sales organized by the Hospices de Beaune. It is situated on the route des Grands Crus touristic road among the vineyards.

Hospices de BeauneFounded in 1442 by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of the Duke of Burgundy, and his wife, the Hospices are a charity
running hospitals and other services for the needy. Following from past donations, they own vineyards in Burgundy.

Avila the roof of Spain

Tips:
Work towards the best possible production value for your videos to ensure viewers don’t click away just because you’ve ignored basic production best practices (lighting, sound quality, shot-framing).
Make sure your video’s audio and sound recordings are clear and balanced. Properly light your video so it’s easy for viewers to see.
Edit and Condense
Depending on your content, your audience, and your objectives for the video, the right editing style, technique, and execution will vary.
Only include necessary footage in your videos. This is a subjective, creative decision, but assess whether any part of the video can be edited, trimmed, or condensed to improve the overall quality.
Avoid sloppy editing. It can be more distracting and difficult for the viewer to watch than if there were no editing at all.

Destino Sevilla

Post-production, or postproduction, is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, and photography. It occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, radio programs, advertising, audio recordings, photography, and digital art. Post-production includes all stages of production occurring after shooting or recording individual program segments.

Traditional (analogue) post-production has mostly been replaced by video editing software that operates on a non-linear editing system (NLE).

Dutch Remix

The footage I used in this remix of mine, comes from internet blogs and the sound from a radiocast from a famous Dutch DJ who on his turn had a German artist in his studio who remixed popular soccersongs from the Netherlands. Mambo Kurt is a German artist who does covers various mainstream and classical/modern Rock hits. . but when he plays the covers , he does them a little different from the usual type of song, as he plays a Hammond Organ, generally has a squeaky out of tune voice (which is actually his main selling point, due to the fact that his songs are actually catchier than the originals)

Altstadt Erfurt

It is hard to convince others that you are a professional using top-rate technology when your equipment appears to be the same as a squealing teenager snapping a shot of a pop star at a concert or a father trying to capture his baby’s first steps in the park. The number one thing that separates the pros from the amateurs, however, is gear that enhances the iPhone’s capabilities and provides
filmmakers with the flexibility and adaptability that they need. However, there are some benefits for filmmaking on an iPhone.

Citystroll Erfurt

Hi-definition video cameras have recently arrived (1080i) which, like high definition television screens, will provide the best of quality and image resolution.
The trend today is toward replaceable memory cards for recording, or internal hard-drives built into the camera. This provides maximum versatility, high recording time options, and few mechanical breakdown possibilities, not to mention minimizing problems with condensation affecting the recording (tape) media of previous generations. The subsequent files may be easily transferred to a computer and edited with low-cost software solutions (and a reasonably high performance computer and video card). The subsequent results may be transferred to a CD or DVD (and more recently Blu- ray Disc) for easy distribution or archiving.

Erzgebirge/oremountains

The Ore Mountains were virtually unsettled during the Middle Ages and covered with dense forests. In the 15th century the discovery of silver and tin deposits led to the settlement of the mountains and the foundation of cities. The name is derived from the richness in mineral resources. Segmented Erz- gebirge, the name takes Erz- from the Tuscan city Arezzo, which produced such fine metal that its name became the German word for metal. Gebirge are "mountains." Today the mountains are also a popular winter sports resort.

The Ore Mountains are famous for many Christmas traditions. As the silver and tin deposits declined, former miners had to look for new ways to feed their families. In

addition to lace making and weaving, the inhabitants went into wood carving. Nutcrackers, "smoking men", "pyramids" (carousels with figures of the Christmas story or from mining) and Schwibbogen (wooden arcs with candles in the windows, symbolising the opening of a mine) are some of many Christmas goods made in the Ore Mountains. Seiffen in the East Ore Mountains was a centre of the wooden toy industry.

Sacred buildings: Erfurt

The 20th century is not the first to create images of life during medieval times. The Middle Ages ended over five centuries ago and each century has imagined, portrayed and depicted the Middle Ages through painting, architecture, poetry, music and novel. In the 20th century, film has defined Medieval history perhaps more so than any other medium. While the conclusions of academic research and findings of archeology have advanced knowledge of the Middle Ages, nothing has had more widespread influence on more people than the images created by film. Just as most people's perceptions of the American Wild West were drawn from cinema, versus source material or academic research, so too most peoples perceptions of the Middle Ages were influenced by the powerful narratives and images of film.

Erfurt: das Rathaus

Still/video combinations
Most current digital still cameras are also capable of what is sometimes referred to as "Internet Video". This is usually a variation of the MPEG video standard of digital imaging created as a streaming series of digital images, with some advanced compression techniques. Names you might recognize are QuickTime Video or RealVideo, .WMV, or.AVI files. These file formats are usually limited in display screen resolution (measured by pixel height by width) and are not intended to be played on anything larger than a computer screen. Recording options are limited and quality is usually at the low end (for example 640x480 screen size or even smaller). Capacity is often limited by the SD card or CompactFlash card in the camera.

Weimar Stadschloss

The name "film" originates from the fact that photographic film (also called film stock) has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay and flick. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the movies and cinema; the latter is commonly used in scholarly texts and critical essays, especially by European writers. In early years, the word sheet was sometimes used instead of screen.

 

Leipzig experience

The term "remake" is generally used in reference to a movie which uses an earlier movie as the main source material, rather than in reference to a second, later movie based on the same source.
With the exception of shot-for-shot remakes, most remakes make significant character, plot, and theme changes. Sometimes a remake is made by the same director.

Not all remakes use the same title as the previously released version.

Although it does not meet the definition of a remake, a similar (and increasingly common) development is the use of a successful (usually older) television series as the source material for a feature film.

Wartburg Castle

Sentences are often used in metaphors about the “grammar of film editing”, but while it’s true that each shot generally contains more information than a single letter’s worth, the above may better reveal how crucial the editing process — and, by extension, the power of continuity — is to the medium; without it, each shot might as well be an individual letter, and if the film is edited badly, each word in the film’s se

ntences might as well be misspelled

Classic Weimar

Literal lines do not exist in nature, but are the optical phenomena created when objects curve away from the viewer. Nonetheless, line-like shapes are for all intents considered line elements by the artist; for example, telephone and power cables or rigging on boats. Any such elements can be of dramatic use in the composition of the image. Additionally, less obvious lines can be created, intentionally or not, which influence the direction of the viewer's gaze. These could be the borders of areas of differing color or contrast, or sequences of discrete elements, or the artist may exaggerate or create lines perhaps as part of his style, for this purpose. Many lines without a clear subject point suggest chaos in the image and may conflict with the mood the artist is trying to evoke.
Movement is also a source of line, and blur can also create a reaction. Subject lines by means of illusion contribute to both mood and linear perspective, giving the illusion of depth. Oblique lines convey a sense of movement and angular lines generally convey a sense of dynamism and possibly tension. Lines can also direct attention towards the main subject of picture, or contribute to organization by dividing it into compartments.

The brain often unconsciously reads near continuous lines between different elements and subjects at varying distances.

Forgotten Memories

A FORGOTTEN MEMORY
"INA has collected private collections of film. It has built up an archive of family films and undisclosed amateurs. Her mission, following regional and european rules, is to collect, digitize and keep archives.

Those films are undisclosed and are a patrimony for mankind that needs to be preserved.
Taking them into consideration has been a struggle because they are “only” family films, they are fragile and fragmentary. Nevertheless, those images talk about man, anonymous people. They are a glimpse of the past. Sometimes there are some very rare images from important events.

German flea-market

Film distribution is changing. In addition to the major marketplaces, there are about 200 internet platforms (and growing) where you can feature your movie. The common thread between all these marketplaces is, they want technically sound, profitable content.

Die Kraemerbruecke Erfurt

MPEG Streamclip
What it does: Put simply, MPEG Streamclip is a video transcoder and compressor. It takes a video file and converts it into a smaller, bigger, different video file to suit your needs. I use it to compress the HD footage from my DSLR camera into a smaller high quality file so Final Cut Pro can handle it for editing.

Why you should have it: If you’re involved with the shooting or editing of video, MPEG Streamclip is a big problem solver. If you’ve got a film shot in .mov files, but one .avi file from another source, MPEG Streamclip will convert it. It’s also vital for making sure all your video uses the same codecs. You can also use it to resize footage.

 

Inside the Wartburg

The Castle has been renovated throughout its existence with many earlier parts being overbuilt by later constructions and additions. From 1952 to 1966, for example, the East German Government restored it to what it looked like in the 16th century, which included the Luther Room with its original floor and paneled walls.
The Romanesque Palas is the oldest and architecturally most impressive of the buildings. Besides the chapel, it contains the Sängersaal , which is in fact Wagner's setting for Act II of Tannhäuser and the Festsaal both of which contain fine frescoes by Moritz von Schwind with the theme of the minstrels' contest in the Sängersaal and frescoes of the triumphs of Christianity in the Festsaal.
Part of the Palace consists of the original castle as it was between 1157 and 1170, as an image of power and residence of the Thuringian landgraves. 

 

Cosmos

Time

Since space and time are unified, the motion through space impacts time: time slows down for the person who is moving but goes faster for the one who stands still; which implies that the passage of time as we experience it may be just an illusion. In that case, every moment in time from the beginning till far in the future coexists together; but in a different region of the cosmos. That leads to the concept of time travel: due to the fact that space and time are a unified physical entity it is

possible that there are some shortcuts in the fabric of space time that can lead us to another period of time different from our present time. Despite the possibility of time travel; there is no proof that we can change the past or even the future. The reason: the different periods of time coexist and have a fixed state. Still, the exact nature of time is not fully understood.

Thüringen

Several institutes, both government run and private, provide formal education in various aspects of filmmaking.
Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (dffb)
Berlin Film Academy Baden-Wuerttemberg,
Ludwigsburg international filmschool cologne, Cologne
Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film München,
Munich Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen „Konrad Wolf“, Potsdam

 

The foley artist

Foley is the reproduction of everyday sound effects which are added in post production to enhance the quality of audio for films, television, video, video games and radio. These reproduced sounds can be anything from the swishing of clothing and footsteps to squeaky doors and breaking glass. The best foley art is so well integrated into a film that it goes unnoticed by the audience. It helps to create a sense of reality within a scene. Without these crucial background noises, movies feel unnaturally quiet and uncomfortable.

Foley artists look to recreate the realistic ambient sounds that the film portrays. The props and sets of a film do not react the same way acoustically as their real life counterparts. Foley sounds are used to enhance the auditory experience of the movie. Foley can also be used to cover up unwanted sounds captured on the set of a movie during filming, such as overflying airplanes or passing traffic.
The term "Foley" is also used to describe a place, such as Foley-stage or Foley-studio, where the Foley process takes place.

Finding Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German writer, artist, and politician. His body of work includes epic and lyric poetry written in a variety of metres and styles; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour; and four novels. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, and more than 10,000 letters written by him are extant, as are nearly 3,000 drawings.
A literary celebrity by the age of 25, Goethe was ennobled by the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, Carl August in 1782 after first taking up residence there in November of 1775 following the success of his first novel, The Sorrows of Young Werther. He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement. During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe served as a member of the Duke's privy council, sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. He also contributed to the planning of Weimar's botanical park and the rebuilding of its Ducal Palace, which in 1998 were together designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Erfurter Dom

Erfurt Cathedral (German: Dom, Mariensdom, or Domberg St Marien) is an impressive Gothic cathedral with some Romanesque parts situated on a hillside in Erfurt. Inside are many important art masterpieces.
Most of the Dom is Gothic and dates from the 14th and 15th centuries, but the lower parts of its huge towers are Romanesque and belonged to a church built on this site for Bishop Boniface in 742.
On April 3, 1507, Martin Luther was ordained a priest in Mariensdom

Rolling

Tracking shot/travelling shot/dollying shot: Terms used for a shot when the camera is being moved by means of wheels: On a dolly (a low tracking shot), in a car or even a train. The movement is normally quite fluid (except perhaps in some of the wider car chases) and the tracking can be either fast or slow. Depending on the speed, this shot has different connotations, e.g.: like a dream or trance if excessively slow bewildering and frightening if excessively frenetic
A tracking shot can go ,backwards , left to right ,right to left.

Zitadelle Petersberg

A citadel is a fortress protecting a town, sometimes incorporating a castle. The term derives from the same Latin root as the word "city", civis, meaning citizen.
In a fortification with bastions, the citadel is the strongest part of the system, sometimes well inside the outer walls and bastions, but often forming part of the outer wall for the sake of economy. It is positioned to be the last line of defence should the enemy breach the other components of the fortification system. A citadel is also a term of the third part of a medieval castle, with higher walls than the rest. It was to be the last line of defence before the keep itself.
In various countries, the citadels gained a specific name such as "Kremlin" in Russia or "Alcazaba" in the Iberian Peninsula. In European cities, the term "Citadel" and "City Castle" are often used interchangeably. The term "tower" is also used in some cases such as the Tower of London .

 

Sevilla Sevilla Sevilla

Sevilla is the most successful club in Andalusia, winning a national league title in 1945–46, and five Copas del Rey. On the European level, it has won two consecutive UEFA Cups (2006 and 2007) and the 2006 UEFA Super Cup. Sevilla have competed 67 seasons in the First Division and 13 in Second, a record which places as the seventh-best team in the history of Spanish league football.^[3] They were designated by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the best club in the World in 2006 and 2007, currently the only team that has achieved this distinction in consecutive years. Sevilla's main rivalry is with their cross-city rivals Real Betis in the Seville derby.

pictures of spanisch supporters from Sevilla in the centre of Eindhoven, prior to the UEFA cub final

The UEFA Cup is a football competition for European club teams. It was founded on April 18, 1955 as the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. It is the second most important European competition for club teams, the first being the UEFA Champions League.

The competition was traditionally open to the runners-up of domestic leagues, but in 1999, the competition was merged with the Cup Winners' Cup. Since then the winners of domestic cup 

 

competitions have also entered the UEFA Cup.

 

Rope-making

A rope is a length of fibres, twisted or braided together to improve strength for pulling and
connecting. It has tensile strength but is too flexible to provide compressive strength (i.e. it can be used for pulling, but not pushing). Rope is thicker and stronger than similarly constructed cord, line, string, and twine.

PABLO

The Museo Picasso Málaga is a museum in Málaga, the city where artist Pablo Ruiz Picasso was born. It opened in 2003 in the Buenavista Palace, and has 285 works donated by members of Picasso's family.
Christine Ruiz-Picasso, widow of the artist's eldest son Paul Ruiz-Picasso, worked with Málaga to help put on the exhibitions Picasso Clásico in 1992 and Picasso, primera mirada, This led in 1996 to rekindling the idea of a major Picasso museum in Málaga.
The collection ranges from early academic studies to cubism to his late re-workings of Old Masters. Many additional pieces are on long-term loan to the museum.
There is also a library and archive including over 800 titles on Picasso, as well as relevant documents and photographs.

 

Castillo

The magnificent Castillo de Gibralfaro sits on a high hill overlooking Malaga city and port, and dates back to the 10th century. The image of Gibralfaro is well known: you can see it in both Malaga city and province's seal and flag.
The hill where the Gibralfaro is situated forms part of the Montes de Malaga mountain range, located to the east and north of Malaga city - this land is protected by the Montes' natural park status.

Panoramic of Malaga

On rare occasions, 360° panoramic movies have been constructed for specially designed display
spaces—typically at theme parks, world's fairs, and museums. Starting in 1955, Disney has created
360° theaters for its parks and the Swiss Transport Museum in Lucerne, Switzerland, features a
theatre that is a large cylindrical space with an arrangement of screens whose bottom is several
metres above the floor. Panoramic systems that are less than 360° around also exist. For example,
Cinerama used a curved screen and IMAX Dome / OMNIMAX movies are projected on a dome abov
the spectators

Dutch state-museum

The Rijksmuseum (English: State Museum) is a Dutch national museum dedicated to arts and history in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough Amsterdam South, close to the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, and the Concertgebouw.
The Rijksmuseum was founded in The Hague in 1800 and moved to Amsterdam in 1808, where it was first located in the Royal Palace and later in the Trippenhuis. The current main building was designed by Pierre Cuypers and was originally opened in 1885, but was closed for renovation from 2003 to 2013. On 13 April 2013, the main building was reopened by Queen Beatrix after the ten year renovation which cost € 375 million.

The museum has on display 8,000 objects of art and history, from their total collection of 1 million objects from the years 1200–2000, among which are some masterpieces by Rembrandt, Frans Hals, and Johannes Vermeer. The museum also has a small Asian collection which is on display in the Asian Pavilion.

Romans & romans

If film was the most influential medium, Hollywood was the most influential image maker. Hollywood films reached a global audience through big budget productions, and equally big distribution and advertising channels. Hollywood adapted works of the Romanticism movement to the screen, seamlessly forging a bridge between Romanticized historical novels, operas, paintings, and music of the 19th century onto film in the 20th. The ideals of the Romantics were fully realized
on the screen in such influential works as Ivanhoe (1952) and El Cid (1961) which belong to the same late Romantic culture in their music, imagery and themes.