German corner: Koblenz

Modern video cameras have numerous designs and uses, not all of which resemble the early television cameras.
Professional video cameras, such as those used in television production and sometimes filmmaking in digital cinema; these may be television studio-based or mobile in the case of an electronic field production (EFP). Such cameras generally offer extremely fine-grained manual control for the camera operator, often to the exclusion of automated operation.
Camcorders, which combine a camera and a VCR or other recording device in one unit; these are mobile, and are widely used for television production, home movies, electronic news gathering (ENG) (including citizen journalism), and similar applications

Down by the mill

A soundtrack, also written sound track, can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film or TV show; or the physical area of a film that contains the synchronized recorded sound.

Girona/Gerona

Editing is one of the most powerful filmmaking tools. I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again, if you want to make movies and tell stories in general, learning how to edit, even if not at a professional level, will be such a strong ally, if only to understand better how this key phase in making a film can save or kill it.

Russian actor, filmmaker and film theoretician Vsevolod Pudovkin understood the power of editing as early as the beginning of the XXth century and affirmed that good editing prevailed over good acting.

Cochem Golfresort

Sports movies have been made since the era of silent films, such as the 1915 film The Champion starring Charlie Chaplin. Films in this genre can range from serious (Raging Bull) to silly (Horse Feathers). A classic theme for sports films is the triumph of an individual or team who prevail despite the difficulties. Men often identify with sports films in ways they wouldn't with other genres, such as spy films.

Las Costas

A movie star (also known as a film star and cinema star) is a celebrity who is well-known, or famous, for his or her starring, or leading, roles in motion pictures. The term may also apply to an actor or actress who is recognized as a marketable commodity and whose name is used to promote a movie in trailers and posters. The most widely known, prominent or successful actors are sometimes called “superstars” by writers and journalists. According to an online dictionary, a movie star is an actor or actress who is famous for playing leading roles in movies.[1] In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend to associate the term only with those iconic leading actors whose careers were at their height in the 1930s, 40s, 50s or 60s.

French Flanders

According to Walter Murch, when it comes to film editing, there are five main criteria for evaluating a cut or deciding where to cut. They are (in order of importance, most important first, with notional percentage values.):

Emotion (51%) — Does the cut reflect what the editor believes the audience should be feeling at that moment?
Story (23%) — Does the cut advance the story?
Rhythm (10%) — Does the cut occur "at a moment that is rhythmically interesting and 'right'" (Murch, 18)?
Eye-trace (7%) — Does the cut pay respect to "the location and movement of the audience's focus of interest within the frame" (Murch, 18)?
Two-dimensional plane of the screen (5%) — Does the cut respect the 180 degree rule?

Ceramica Catalunya

Catalonia is an autonomous community of Spain and an officially recognized nationality. Catalonia comprises four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city is Barcelona, the second largest city in Spain, and the center of one of the largest metropolitan areas in Europe. Catalonia belongs to the organization Four Motors for Europe.

It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia, with the remainder now belonging to France. Catalonia borders France and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish regions of Aragon and the Valencian Community to west and south respectively. The official languages are Catalan, 

Spanish.

Moselle :Weinstrasse

A road movie is a film genre in which the main characters leave home to travel from place to place, typically altering the perspective from their everyday lives. The term can still apply to scenarios where it can be a misnomer, such as when the plot of a film involves off-road travel
The genre has its roots in spoken and written tales of epic journeys, such as the Odyssey and the Aeneid. The road film is a standard plot employed by screenwriters. It is a type of bildungsroman, a story in which the hero changes, grows or improves over the course of the story.

The on-the-road plot was used at the birth of American cinema but blossomed in the years after Wo II.

Thorn by the years gone

;Once in a wile we went with our super8 filmclub to an interesting place to shoot some footage. I choose for a laugh-theme. Unfortunately the dutch text of the various banners will only appeal to dutch=speaking people.

Thorn, the white town which attracts many tourists, has a rich history dating back to the late 10th century. In the course of time, it developed into a miniature convent ruled by an abbess and 20 ladies of noble birth. The convent had its own jurisdiction and its own currency until 1794 when this came to an end with the arrival of the French.
Thorn - was then that Thorn got its distinctive white color. After the aristocrats fled, the French imposed a tax based on the size of the windows. The poor, often living in large houses which formerly belonged to wealthy people could not afford this. To bring down the height of the tax they closed the windows with bricks. To conceal the building tracks ("scars of poverty") the houses were whitewashed.

 

Coffee in Alcaniz

Travelogues are credited with helping cultivating the interest in the travel industry at the same time transportation infrastructure was being developed to make it possible. As railways and steamships became more accessible more people became willing and eager to travel to distant places because of what was displayed in the popular travelogues of the day. The advent of cable television channels, such as the Discovery Channel and the Travel Channel and the availability of small, high quality, digital video equipment has renewed the popularity of travel films. Amateur films of an individual's travels can be considered travelogues as well.

Openair-museum Bokrijk

 

Made this video with a good friend of mine, when we all had our annual outdoor trip with the amateur-filmclub Lumiere from Eindhoven. Footage from both of us were combined.

Nideggen Germany

Castle was a place where we had a salesmeeting in the 70 years inlast century. a super 8 film. Nideggen is a town in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia,
Nideggen is known for its ruined, but partly restored castle (Burg Nideggen) and the sandstone rocks along the Rur.
The town was created in 1972 by amalgamation of eight until then independent communities. Nideggen lies on the river Rur and at the banks of the Rurtalsperre, the second largest dam in Germany. The region is famous for its precipitous Early Triassic rocks of Buntsandstein in the valley of Rur and is situated between 250 and 450 metres over sea level.

Carnival for Kids

A super 8 mm movie

The typical costume of the Burgundian Carnaval has developed in the prosperous cities of the Duchy of Brabant and County of Flanders at the time of the Burgundian Netherlands. The shape of the Burgundian carnaval was originally that of a costumed eating feast during which people ridiculed each other. Because of the great poverty that prevailed in Brabant after the Golden Age until World War II, the traditional feast was characterized by (seemingly) simple costumes, of which the blue smock with red bandana of mid and especially western North Brabant is perhaps the most iconic and can still be found among the costumes today. The wearing of the smock secondarily made everyone egalitarian, since people’s status cannot be determined by their clothing and thus making it possible to criticize authority regardless people's position in daily life.Traditional clothing consists of old clothing, curtains, blue smocks and bandana with all kinds of accessories. This outfit can be found especially in the western part of North Brabant, but it is becoming less common in the last decade.

 

Beauty of the beasts

 

A virtual zoo is a new concept that uses the zoo model in a web format . Virtual zoos are basically websites that are created to simulate a visit to a zoo, and the visitors to these sites can view exhibits about animals and their habaits. Many Zoos as well as schools have developed virtual zoos. For example, instead of actual animals a virtual zoo will have articles and photos as exhibits. There are many virtual zoos that have been created; most are small and unremarkable, while some have hundreds of exhibits.

Many of these projects focus on photos of animals or the sale of animal products. Some virtual zoos are strictly educational. Zoos on the web are good sources of animal information

Theater in Rome

Comedy film is a genre of film in which the main emphasis is on humour. These films are designed to entertain the audience through amusement, and often work by exaggerating characteristics of real life for humorous effect.
Films in this style traditionally have a happy ending (the black comedy being an exception). One of the oldest genres in film, some of the very first silent movies were comedies, as slapstick comedy often relies on visual depictions, without requiring sound. Comedy, unlike other film genres, puts much more focus on individual stars, with many former stand-up comics transitioning to the film industry due to their popularity. While many comic films are lighthearted stories with no intent other than to amuse, others contain political or social commentary

 

Circle of life

Using an iPad is easier than using a DSLR or camcorder for many reasons. One big reason is the size of the screen. Your iPad is your monitor, and it is attached! It provides a full 100% preview of what you’re shooting. Compare the iPad to the Canon HF 200 we utilize sometimes. While the Canon gives us fantastic results (I saw an episode on a fifty foot screen and it looked perfect!) – The viewfinder shows just a tiny bit less than what the sensor records, so sometimes you get stuff you don’t want.

Lava flow

A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. When it has stopped moving, lava solidifies to form igneous rock. The term lava flow is commonly shortened to lava. The word "lava" comes from Italian, and is probably derived from the Latin word labes which means a fall or slide.
The first use in connection with extruded magma (molten rock below the Earth's surface) was apparently in a short account written by Francesco Serao on the eruption of Vesuvius between May 14 and June 4, 1737. Serao described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of the volcano following heavy rain.

Forum and markets of Trajan

TRAJAN FORUMThis Forum celebrates Trajans campaign in the territory that is now Romania and is the largest and most recent of Romes imperial forums. Built between 107 and 113 this vast structure includes a triumphal arch, an equestrian statue of Trajan and the largest basilica ever built in Rome Basilica Ulpia 17 m by 60 m) that now only consists of ruins of columns and friezes.

Trajan Markets used to host 150 shops selling all kind of goods coming from the known world at that time. It is a three-floor semicircular structure that was built in the first part of the 2nd century BC. In the streets outside the market flourished numerous taverns and part of the structure was house to public administration offices and to a stock exchange.

 

Tournon sur Rhone

Tournon-sur-RhoneTournon acts as a gateway to the Ardeche and lies at the foot of granite hills which rise up from the Vallee du Doux. A pretty town with wide tree-lined avenues it is proud of its historical heritage and 11th-16th-century chateau which houses a museum of local history.Ãâ To the north of the Grand Rue on Place St Julien lies Collegiale St Julien with its imposing bell tower.Ãâ It serves as an example of the Italian influence on architecture in the area in the 14th-century. Tournon is a great place to sample some of the delights of the Ardeche such as roasted chestnuts.Ãâ Across the river you'll also be able to visit the village of Tain l'Hermitage with its steeply vineyards producing some of the most costly of the Cotes du Rhone wines (white and red Hermitage). Tournon is also the ideal spot for outdoor enthusiasts with walkers, cyclists and riders being richly rewarded by the surrounding countryside

Pelicula Portuguesa

The Cinema of Portugal has a long tradition, reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. In the 1950s, Cinema Novo, (literally "New Cinema") sprang up as a movement concerned with showing realism in film, in the vein of Italian Neorealism and the French New Wave. Directors Manoel de Oliveira and João César Monteiro have gained Portuguese cinema international attention.

Religous Rome

Many films are made with film formats that are wider than video's standard 4:3 aspect ratio. Where possible shoot proper widescreen video to enhance your 'film' look.
Many cameras with a widescreen mode produce pictures of this aspect ratio by throwing away valuable pixels from a 4:3 CCD. Check your camera's pictures in widescreen mode. If they are less sharp than in standard mode, then your camera does not have true 16:9 capabilities.
You have two choices:

1. Shoot in 4:3 but with an optical anamorphic lens adaptor
But you might have problems if you don't have a 16:9 viewing capability in your editing package. Reduce the height of your video by 75% and you will have a 16:9 widescreen picture within a 4:3 frame.
2. Shoot in 4:3 but frame for 16:9 so black bars can "letterbox" your frame top and bottom in post- production.

The Vatican

Propaganda is a form of communication aimed towards influencing the attitude of the community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. Propaganda statements may be partly false and partly true. Propaganda is usually repeated and dispersed over a wide variety of media in order to create the chosen result in audience attitudes.

Hanseatic city Lemgo

The Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe. It stretched from the Baltic to the North Sea and inland during the Late Middle Ages and early modern period (c. 13th to 17th centuries).

The League was created to protect economic interests and diplomatic privileges in the cities and countries and along the trade routes the merchants visited. The Hanseatic cities had their own legal system and furnished their own armies for mutual protection and aid. Despite this, the organization was not a city-state, nor can it be called a confederation of city-states; only a very small number of the cities within the league enjoyed autonomy and liberties comparable to those of a free imperial city.

Tchaikovsky grave

A film score (also sometimes called background score, background music, film music or incidental music) is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score forms part of the film's soundtrack, which also usually includes dialogue and sound effects, and comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional impact of the scene in question. Scores are written by one or more composers, under the guidance of, or in collaboration with, the film's director or producer and are then usually performed by an ensemble of musicians – most often comprising an orchestra or band, instrumental soloists, and choir or vocalists – and recorded by a sound engineer.

Film scores encompass an enormous variety of styles of music, depending on the nature of the films they accompany. The majority of scores are orchestral works rooted in Western classical music, but many scores are also influenced by jazz, rock, pop, blues, new-age and ambient music, and a wide range of ethnic and world music styles. Since the 1950s, a growing number of scores have also included electronic elements as part of the score, and many scores written today feature a hybrid of orchestral and electronic instruments.

Since the invention of digital technology and audio sampling, many low-budget films have been able to rely on digital samples to imitate the sound of live instruments, and many scores are created and performed wholly by the composers themselves, by using sophisticated music composition software.

Songs are usually not considered part of the film's score,  although songs do also form part of the film's soundtrack.  Although some songs, especially in musicals, are based on thematic ideas from the score (or vice versa), scores usually do not have lyrics, except for when sung by choirs or soloists as part of a cue. Similarly, pop songs which are "needle dropped" into a specific scene in film for added emphasis are not considered part of the score, although occasionally the score's composer will write an original pop song based on their themes, such as James Horner's "My Heart Will Go On" from Titanic, written for Celine Dion.

Porta Westfalia

In film, film grammar is defined as follows:

A frame is a single still image. It is analogous to a letter.
A shot is a single continuous recording made by a camera. It is analogous to a word.
A scene is a series of related shots. It is analogous to a sentence.
A sequence is a series of scenes which together tell a major part of an entire story, such as that contained in a complete movie. It is analogous to a paragraph.

Quenca in the middle of Spain

A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or through a computer to computer network. When "captured" by the computer, the video stream may be saved, viewed or sent on to other networks via systems such as the internet, and email as an attachment. When sent to a remote location, the video stream may be saved, viewed or on sent there. Unlike an IP camera (which connects using Ethernet or Wi-Fi), a webcam is generally connected by a USB cable, or similar cable, or built into computer hardware, such as laptops.

Their most popular use is the establishment of video links, permitting computers to act as videophones or videoconference stations. Other popular uses include security surveillance, computer vision, video broadcasting, and for recording social videos.

Roman bath Gerona

World cinema is a term used primarily in English language speaking countries to refer to the films and film industries of non-English speaking countries. It is therefore often used interchangeably with the term foreign film. However, both world cinema and foreign film could be taken to refer to the films of all countries other than one's own, regardless of native language.

Snowdone now and then

Video is increasingly serving as evidence in a broad range of legal settings, but there are currently no universal concrete standards for admissibility. If you want to use a video as evidence, ensure that you investigate and consult legal professionals on the requirements relevant to your court’s jurisdiction.
As a rule, however, any evidence must first and foremost be deemed relevant to the case or investigation in question, and to hold probative value. Probative value is the ability of evidence to prove an issue, and increases when the evidence can be shown to be authentic and reliable. The actions you take to ensure the authenticity of your video therefore strengthen its probative value.

LeCrotoy en Picardie

Not that they didn’t have that before. iPhones have been used to make shorts and other types of films before—there are even multiple iPhone film festivals—but what the iPhone 6 offers is what Apple’s Phil Schiller called “technology used by high-end DSLRs” during yesterday’s product announcement. Coupled with the ability to grab 1080p high-definition clips at 60 frames per second, take 240-fps slow-motion shots, provide cinematic video stabilization, and offer up to 128 gigabytes of storage, there’s more than enough oomph in the iPhone 6 for a few takes. It’s the kind of power that could, like other developments in filmmaking technology, give rise to a whole new style of moviemaking.

Trastevere (Rome)

Nowadays, Trastevere maintains its character thanks to its narrow cobbled streets lined by medieval houses. At night, natives and tourists alike flock to its many pubs and restaurants, but much of the original character of Trastevere remains.
The unique character of this neighborhood has attracted artists, foreign expats, and many famous people. In the sixties and seventies, the American musicians/composers Frederic Rzewski and Richard Teitelbaum, of the group Musica Elettronica Viva, lived in Via della Luce. Sergio Leone, the director of Spaghetti Westerns, grew up in Viale Glorioso (there is a marble plaque to his memory on the wall of the apartment building), and went to a Catholic private school in the neighborhood. Ennio Morricone, the film music composer, went to the same school, and for one year was in the same class as Sergio Leone.

Costa Brittania

The United Kingdom has had a significant film industry for over a century. While film production reached an all-time high in 1936, the 'golden age' of British cinema is usually thought to have occurred in the 1940s, during which the directors David Lean, Michael Powell, and Carol Reed produced their most highly acclaimed work. Many British actors have achieved international fame and critical success, including Michael Caine, Sean Connery. The identity of the British industry, and its relationship with Hollywood, has been the subject of debate. The history of film production in Britain has often been affected by attempts to compete with the American industry.
Numerous British-born directors, including Alfred Hitchcock and performers, such as Charlie Chaplin and Cary Grant, have achieved success primarily through their work in the United States.

 

Russian traffic

The film industry began as a visual medium in which artists could be seen acting out stories on the silver screen, but in recent decades it would seem that the general movie going public is more interested in the way a movie sounds than the way it looks. Advances in sound technology have moved forward as fast as the advances in film and video technology have, but in the race for which aspect of a film people enjoy the most, sound is in the lead. Here is the proof: if you shoot a film with poor lighting, no costumes, no makeup and no special effects it is considered to be an artistic style of independent filmmaking called cinema verite. You can even scratch up the negative in the name of artistic license and people will still watch your movie. On the other hand, if you add some static noise to the soundtrack of a movie, mess up the lip sync of the dialogue or add errant sounds with no explanation then people will just think you are not an accomplished filmmaker technically. They will shun your movie.

Barcelona parks

What is an orphan film?

Narrowly defined, it's a motion picture abandoned by its owner or caretaker. More generally, the term refers to all manner of films outside of the commercial mainstream: public domain materials, home movies, outtakes, unreleased films, industrial and educational movies, independent documentaries, ethnographic films, newsreels, censored material, underground works, experimental pieces, silent-era productions, stock footage, found footage, medical films, kinescopes, small- and unusual-gauge films, amateur productions, surveillance footage, test reels, government films, advertisements, sponsored films, student works, and sundry other ephemeral pieces of celluloid (or paper or glass or tape or . . .

).

A bath in Rome

Teach Yourself The Technology of Film Making
If you cannot afford to go to Hollywood or go to film school, you can teach yourself by using a personal computer and professional quality software. Today, most of the tools used in Hollywood are available on your personal computer. If you want to learn the technology of making a motion picture, all you have to learn to use the computer programs that the pros use.
it makes no sense to go to a local Junior College for a digital video class if all they give you is the same tutorial you get free from Apple. Just buy the program and begin learning.

A day at the zoo

The 1937 Cinematograph Films (Animals) Act makes it an offence to distribute or exhibit a film whose creation involved actual cruelty to an animal.
Many other countries have similar attitudes towards animal cruelty in films, even if they are not enshrined in law. In general, most recent mainstream productions, particularly in the US, are supervised by organisations such as the American Humane Association to ensure that the welfare of animals is paramount during the film-making process.

Barcelona.es

The art of motion-picture making within the Kingdom of Spain or by Spanish filmmakers abroad is collectively known as Spanish Cinema.
In 1914, Barcelona was the center of the nation's film industry. The españoladas (historical epics of Spain) predominated until the 1960s
In recent years, Spanish cinema has achieved high marks of recognition. In the long history of Spanish cinema, the great filmmaker Luis Buñuel was the first to achieve universal recognition, followed by Pedro Almodóvar in the 1980s.

Images from Valencia

Dubbing, mixing, or re-recording, is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production, in which additional or supplementary recordings are "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. The process usually takes place on a "dub stage." After Sound Editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks (dialogue, ADR, effects, foley, and music), the dubbing mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack. "Dubbing" is sometimes confused with automated dialogue replacement (ADR), also incorrectly known as "additional dialogue recording", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments. Outside of the film industry, the term "dubbing" most commonly refers to the replacement of the voices of the actors shown on the screen with those of different performers speaking another language.

 

Carlsbridge in Prague

A cult film, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film that has acquired a cult following. Cult films are known for their dedicated, passionate fanbase, an elaborate subculture that engage in repeated viewings, quoting dialogue, and audience participation. Inclusive definitions allow for major studio productions, especially box office bombs, while exclusive definitions focus more on obscure, transgressive films shunned by the mainstream. The difficulty in defining the term and subjectivity of what qualifies as a cult film mirror classificatory disputes about art. The term cult film itself was first used in the 1970s to describe the culture that surrounded underground films and midnight movies, though cult was in common use in film analysis for decades prior to that.

Golf in Niederbayern

Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action.
A common example is a man walking up to a door and reaching for the knob. Just as his hand touches the knob, the scene cuts to a shot of the door opening from the other side.
Although the two shots may have actually been shot hours apart from each other, cutting on action gives the impression of continuous time when watching the edited film. By having a subject begin an action in one shot and carry it through to completion in the next, the editor creates a visual bridge, which distracts the viewer from noticing the cut or noticing any slight continuity error between the two shots.
A variant of cutting on action is a cut in which the subject exits the frame in the first shot and then enters the frame in the subsequent shot. The entrance in the second shot must match the screen direction and motive rhythm of the exit in the first shot. 

Memories in super 8

Super 8 was most widely used for filming home movies. Over its history, which actually began with 8mm in 1932, billions of home memories have been preserved in motion pictures. Today amateur usage of Super 8 has been replaced by digital, but the format is still regularly used by artists, students and independent filmmakers. Super 8 is just another creative tool to use alongside other formats

Seaside in France

Cinema of France refers to the film industry based in France. The French cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad.

France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its significant contributions to the art form and the film-making process itself. Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague, began in the country. It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government.

Welcome to Spain

The explosion of content on the Internet has many media companies racing to experiment with new forms of media and grappling with ever more complex modes of distribution across myriad devices. But a lingering question for many media companies is around how to apply technologies to digitize and exploit archival content. Whether video, photography, or text, many of New York's biggest media companies are grappling with how to take advantage of what seems a huge opportunity.

Belgium at that time

In filmmaking, a pick-up is a small, relatively minor shot filmed or recorded after the fact to augment footage already shot. When entire scenes are redone, it is referred to as a re-shoot. In news studios, the term is more commonly called "insert" or "reaction shots". Local news stations send just one remote camera to cover a story. This is called PSC, or Portable Single Camera. After the interview, the subject is then asked to "react to questions" and the camera then takes various shots ex-post-facto. The reactions from angles other than the original shoot are then edited into the final cut.

 

Raindrops

Vignetting is often an unintended and undesired effect caused by camera settings or lens limitations. However, it is sometimes deliberately introduced for creative effect, such as to draw attention to the center of the frame. A photographer may deliberately choose a lens which is known to produce vignetting to obtain the effect, or it may be introduced with the use of special filters or post-processing procedures.

Alte Kameraden

A character sketch is an abbreviated portrayal of a particular characteristic of people. The term originates in portraiture, where the character sketch is a common academic exercise. Following the translation of Theophrastus's Characters into English, a number of British and American painters attempted to illustrate the "types" of humanity. As late as William Hogarth, portraitists were doing studies of (in his case) Nine heads. The artist performing a character sketch attempts to capture an expression or gesture that goes beyond coincident actions and gets to the essence of the individual.

 

Trip to Wales

The identity of the British industry, and its relationship with Hollywood, has been the subject of debate. The history of film production in Britain has often been affected by attempts to compete with the American industry. The career of the producer Alexander Korda was marked by this objective, the Rank Organisation attempted to do so in the 1940s, and Goldcrest in the 1980s. Numerous British-born directors, including Alfred Hitchcock and Ridley Scott, and performers, such as Charlie Chaplin and Cary Grant, have achieved success primarily through their work in the United States.

Cloppenburg museumdorf

The word critic comes from the Greek, kritikós - one who discerns, which itself arises from the Ancient Greek word krités, meaning a person who offers reasoned judgement or analysis, value judgement, interpretation, or observation. The term can be used to describe an adherent of a position disagreeing with or opposing the object of criticism.

Modern critics include professionals or amateurs who regularly judge or interpret performances or other works (such as that of artists, musicians or actors) and, typically, publish their observations, often in periodicals. Critics are numerous in certain fields, including art critics, music critics, film critics.

Criticism in general terms means democratic judgement over the suitability of a subject for the intended purposes, as opposed to the authoritarian command, which is meant as an absolute realization of the authority's will, thus not open for debate. Criticism can also be a tool of an anti-social behavior, such as a passive-aggressive attack.

Traveling through the Alps

A road film is a film genre in which the main characters leave home on a road trip, typically altering the perspective from their everyday lives.

The genre has its roots in spoken and written tales of epic journeys, such as the Odyssey and the Aeneid. The road film is a standard plot employed by screenwriters. It is a type of bildungsroman, a story in which the hero changes, grows or improves over the course of the story.

The on-the-road plot was used at the birth of American cinema but blossomed in the years after World War II, reflecting a boom in automobile production and the growth of youth culture. 

 

Amsterdam portrait

Flashbacks are important in film noir and melodrama films. In movies and television, several camera techniques, editing approaches and special effects have evolved to alert the viewer that the action shown is a flashback or flashforward; for example, the edges of the picture may be deliberately blurred, photography may be jarring or choppy, or unusual coloration or sepia tone, or monochrome when most of the story is in full color, may be used. The scene may fade or dissolve, often with the camera focused on the face of the character and there is typically a voice-over by a narrator (who is often, but not always, the character who is experiencing the memory).

Retour Paris

The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple, smaller rooms. Paris' largest cinema room today is in Le Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats.
Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors (réalisateurs) such as Claude Lelouch, Jean-Luc Godard, and Luc Besson, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated.