Shoemaking is a traditional handicraft profession, which has now been largely superseded by industrial manufacture of footwear. Shoemakers produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, and sometimes even clogs . Such items are generally made of leather, wood, rubber, plastic, jute or other plant material, and often consist of multiple parts for better durability of the sole, stitched to a leather upper. Most shoemakers use a lastâmade traditionally of iron or wood, but now often of woodâon which to form the shoe. Some lasts are straight, while curved lasts come in pairs: one for left shoes, the other for right shoes. The shoemaking profession makes a number of appearances in popular culture, such as in stories about shoemaker's elves, and the proverb "The shoemaker's children are often shoeless".
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