SVENSKFILM

The Film Heritage department of the Swedish Film Institute in Stockholm has its origins in the foundation of the Swedish Film Society, which was established as early as in 1933, thus making our archive one of the oldest in the world. The collections of the Film Society gained an independent status in 1940, and joined FIAF (International Federation of Film Archives) in 1946. The collections were handed over to the newly established Swedish Film Institute (SFI) in March, 1964. The Film Heritage department, functioning as the national film archive of Sweden, is made up of the Archival Film Collections, the Library (including Stills and Poster Archive), and the SFI Grängesberg Archive for non-professional, non-fiction films.
The Swedish Government assigned the Archival Film Collections of the SFI a mission to acquire, catalogue, preserve and give access to the Swedish film heritage, which is defined as all films that have been shown in theatres. This definition includes Swedish and foreign films, features and shorts, fiction and non-fiction, animation, news-reels, commercials and trailers.

Dutch Skating

A costume drama or period drama is a period piece in which elaborate costumes, sets and properties are featured in order to capture the ambience of a particular era.

The term is usually used in the context of film and television. It is an informal crossover term that can apply to several genres but is most often heard in the context of historical dramas and romances, adventure films and swashbucklers. The implication is that the audience is attracted as much by the lavish costumes as by the content.

Paul Verhoeven .s HUNK

Spetters is a Dutch film released in 1980 directed by Paul Verhoeven.
Spetters led to protests about the manner in which Verhoeven portrayed gays, Christians, the police, and the press. Although Verhoeven made one more film in the Netherlands, the response to Spetters led him to leave for Hollywood. Despite the large amount of controversy surrounding it, the film proved to be popular with 1,124,162 admissions in the Netherlands alone.
The film, which is violent and sexually graphic, is a high-speed coming of age story which centers on three young men dreaming of an escape from their provincial surroundings by means of a motocross career: young motocross racing champion Rien , another racer who thinks he has the goods, Hans and the son of a Bible thumping Calvinist, the mechanic Eef . Their only escapes are alcohol, drugs, and weekend visits to a local disco nightclub.
The word "spetter" (plural: "spetters") is a (now outdated) word with the same meaning as the English word "hunk". It also means "splatters" and thereby refers to the chips stall where Soutendijk's character works, when she lowers the chips into the frying pan.

 

Practising Light

A light beam or beam of light is a directional projection of light energy radiating from a light source. Sunlight forms a light beam (a sunbeam) when filtered through media such as clouds, foliage, or windows. To artificially produce a light beam, a lamp and a parabolic reflector is used in many lighting devices such as spotlights, car headlights, PAR Cans and LED housings. Light from certain types of laser has the smallest possible beam divergence.

Aalborg Hymnen

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In motion pictures the manipulation of time and space is a considerable contributing factor to the narrative storytelling tools. Film editing plays a much stronger role in this manipulation, but frame rate selection in the photography of the original action is also a contributing factor to altering time. For example, Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times was shot at "silent speed" (18 fps) but projected at "sound speed" (24 fps), which makes the slapstick action appear even more frenetic.

 

Everything is a remix

This is social evolution.
Copy, transform and combine. It's who we are, it’s how we live, and of course, it's how we create. Our new ideas evolve from the old ones.
But our system of law doesn't acknowledge the derivative nature of creativity. Instead, ideas are regarded as property, as unique and original lots with distinct boundaries.

But ideas aren't so tidy. They're layered, they’re interwoven, they're tangled. And when the system conflicts with the reality... the system starts to fail.

For the first time, the whole series as a single video in HD.
;Written and Remixed by Kirby Ferguson
In the five years since the series launched, Everything is a Remix has been viewed over two million times and produced a popular TED Talk. Amazingly, Remix continues to change the way people think about creativity, originality, and copyright.
;To celebrate the five year anniversary, I've polished up the original four parts and merged them into a single video. For the first time now, the whole series is available as a single video with proper transitions all the way through, unified styling, and remixed and remastered audio. Part One has been entirely rebuilt in HD.
;Full sources available at everythingisaremix.info

 

Santa and black Piedro

The Zwarte Pieten have roughly the same relationship to the Dutch Saint Nicolas that the elves have to America's Santa Claus. Over the years, Zwarte Piet developed from a rather unintelligent assistant into a full assistant of the absent-minded Sint.

With the influx of immigrants to the Netherlands starting in the late 1950s, Zwarte Piet is felt by some to be racist. Today, Zwarte Pieten have become more modern servants and parents often tell their children that the Pieten have black faces because they climb down dirty, soot-filled chimneys. Although, this modern variation on the tradition is often critiqued by expatriates and locals as being a "cover story" because it does not explain the curly, black hair and large, red lips.

22 October 2013, Verene Shepherd, chair of United Nations' 'Working Group on people of African descent' states in an interview with the dutch television news program :
"The working group cannot understand why it is that the people in The Netherlands cannot see that it is a throwback to slavery as a black person I feel, that I, if I were living in The Netherlands, I would object to it." The working group has started investigations in 2012 and has sent questions to the dutch UN representative in January 2013.

The great majority of the dutch won’t agree and aggression against “white piet” will follow as has been in the past : see how whites are removed as Santa arrives

1% of the chidren wants zwarte piet to disappear

The Prop-shop

Rob's Prop Shop was founded in 1986 in Amsterdam by Rob Hillenbrink, after working 15 years at the Dutch Opera Company.
In 2002 we moved to Purmerend where our new build workshop with over 280 sq meters facilitates all our needs even better.
After graduating at the Dutch Film Academy in 2008 Erik Hillenbrink joined the company, turning it into a familly business.
With over 40 years of combined experiences, Rob's Prop Shop can provide to all your needs, whether it's for film, television, theater, photography or museum.

During the last 15 years Rob's Prop Shop has worked on more than 80 films either national and international films.
We are specialized in Special Make-Up effects, Creature Effects, Animatronics and Special Props.

 

Dutch streetorgan

The theatre organ or cinema organ was designed to accompany silent movies. Like a symphonic organ, it is made to replace an orchestra. However, it includes many more gadgets, such as percussion and special effects, to provide a more complete array of options to the theatre organist. Theatre organs tend not to take nearly as much space as standard organs, relying on extension and higher wind pressures to produce a greater variety of tone and larger volume of sound from fewer pipes.

Montserat

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Monastery of Montserrat became a cultural centre of the first order. The Montserrat Music School produced important composers.
The French War (1808-1811) and disentailment in 1835 brought destruction and abandonment, but in 1844 began the restoration of monastic life and in 1881 there were the Festivities for the Coronation of the Image of Our Lady, at which She was proclaimed Patron Saint of Catalonia by Pope Leo XIII. The Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939) led once again to the abandonment of the monastery. However, the Government of Catalonia managed to save Montserrat from being sacked and destroyed.

Today, Montserrat has been modernised to continue attending to the needs to pilgrims one thousand years after it was originally founded.

Eisenach Luther und Bach Stadt

The history of Eisenach is linked with the Wartburg Castle, which was built according to legend in 1067. There were at least three settlements below the castle, that merged to a common city in the second half of the 12th century. This town, Eisenach, was first mentioned in 1180.
Several now legendary events took place on the Wartburg in the following decades, best known is the "Singers' Contest on the Wartburg" (Sängerkrieg, which is part of the Tannhäuser legend)
Eisenach is famous as the place where Martin Luther lived as a child, although he was not born there, and later was protected by Frederick the Wise after having been pursued for his religious views. It was while staying at Wartburg Castle that he translated the New Testament into German. It is also notable as the birthplace of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Prepare to film eyewitness

WITNESS empowers human rights defenders to use video to fight injustice, and to transform personal stories of abuse into powerful tools that can pressure those in power or with power to act. By bringing often unseen images and seldom heard stories to the attention of key decision makers, the media, and the public–WITNESS catalyzes grassroots activism, political engagement, and lasting change. We bridge the worlds of human rights, media and technology by incorporating cutting-edge innovations into traditional approaches to advocacy. WITNESS’ unique contribution to the human rights community is to serve as global authority on best practices in the use of video for human rights purposes and a frontline resource for training and expertise
The Training section of our website is designed to help anyone interested in using video advocacy in their campaigns. All materials are downloadable and sharable. In our Tip Sheets section you will find tools for assessing if video is right for your campaign as well as practical how-to guides to help you make the most of video for human rights change.

Amateur vacationfilm

Amateur films were usually shot on 16 mm film or on 8 mm film (either Double-8 or Super-8) until the advent of cheap video cameras or digital equipment. The advent of digital video and computer based editing programs greatly expanded the technical quality achievable by the amateur and low-budget filmmaker. Amateur video has become the choice for the low-budget filmmaker and has boomed into a very watched and even produced industry with the use of VHS and digital video camcorders.

Waterlooplein Amsterdam

Waterlooplein is a square in the centre of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, near the Amstel river. The daily flea market on the square is popular with tourists. The Stopera city hall and opera building and the Mozes en Aäronkerk church are at Waterlooplein.
Waterlooplein was created in 1882 when the Leprozengracht and Houtgracht canals were filled in. The square is named after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

The square became a marketplace when the city government decided that the Jewish merchants in the nearby Jodenbreestraat and Sint Antoniebreestraat had to move their stalls to the square. The Waterlooplein became a daily market (except on Saturdays, the Jewish sabbath) in 1893.

Practical Jokes in Ghent

About
The Film Fest Gent has become a not-to-be-missed event on the Flemish and international cultural scene. It owes its success to events that keep making their return: dozens of quality films, major film music concerts by top composers and extraordinary exhibitions in the margin of film.
- See more at: http://www.visitgent.be/en/event-film-fest-gent?

Statemuseum and media

The Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) is an international professional association of online film journalists, historians and scholars who publish their work on the World Wide Web. The organization was founded in January 1997 by Harvey Karten, an early online critic who discovered that membership in the New York Film Critics Circle was open only to journalists working for newspapers and magazines. Online critics have generally found it difficult to gain acceptance for their work, and one role of the OFCS is to provide professional recognition to the most productive and successful online critics.

Since 1997, the OFCS has given out annual awards that recognize the best films in about seventeen categories. These awards are noted in the established print media such as Variety and The Hollywood Reporter, and are included in their annual speculation about the ultimate winners of the Academy Awards.

 

Majorca in super 8

Packaged movies

Although the 8 mm format was originally intended for creating amateur films, condensed versions of popular cinema releases were available up until the mid-1980s, for projection at home. These were generally edited to fit onto a 200 ft (61 m) or 400 ft (120 m) reel. Many Charlie Chaplin films, and other silent movies were available. The Walt Disney Studio released excerpts from many of their animated feature films, as well as some shorts, in both Standard and Super 8, some even with magnetic sound. New releases of material were not stopped by major studios until the mid-1980s in the US. Releases of trailers, shorts, and a few feature films still continues in the UK.

Wildlife in Holland

                                            



This is the trailer of the final documenary running now in the Dutch theaters

Lets casts our nets

After the 2nd World war, films of the acclaimed documentary film directors Bert Haanstra and Herman van der Horst dominated Dutch cinema. Their work is internationally known as the ‘Dutch Documentary School’.
A feature of the documentary films of this era is the use of human beings as a metaphor. Van der Horst and Haanstra both won prizes at the Cannes Film Festival.
The Grand Prix is an award of the Cannes Film Festival bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films. It is the second-most prestigious prize of the festival after the Palme d'Or. Prior to its creation, the Special Jury Prize held the "second place".

 

The game and the Goal

Sports movies have been made since the era of silent films, such as the 1915 film The Champion starring Charlie Chaplin. Films in this genre can range from serious (Raging Bull) to silly (Horse Feathers). A classic theme for sports films is the triumph of an individual or team who prevail despite the difficulties.

Dynamic Rotterdam

The International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) is an annual film festival held in various cinemas in Rotterdam, Netherlands held at the end of January. It is approximately comparable in size to other major European festivals such as Cannes, Venice, Berlin, and Locarno. The IFFR also hosts CineMart, for film producers to seek funding.

The International Film Festival Rotterdam management emphasizes diversity in its film programming and on building relationships with and between film-makers and audiences. Rather than red-carpet events, the festival's design is to encourage film makers to mingle with attendees. As a result, the festival claims having "a unique atmosphere" and a "fiercely loyal following" locally and internationally - around 90% of tickets are sold to regular supporters.
The festival is described as having "a serious commitment to film lovers and film making - screenings are shown without 'popcorn breaks', trailers or other commercials. This sense of purpose plays a crucial role in attracting the best directors to the event, allowing it to forge a reputation for diversity, discovery and innovation."

 

Laura's theme

A sound bite (alternatively written as sound byte[1]) is a short clip of speech or music extracted from a longer piece of audio, often used to promote or exemplify the full length piece. I

On the canal

A film school is any educational institution dedicated to teaching aspects of filmmaking, including such subjects as film production, film theory, digital media production, and screenwriting. Film history courses and hands-on technical training are usually incorporated into most film school curricula. Technical training may include instruction in the use and operation of cameras, lighting equipment, film or video editing equipment and software, and other relevant equipment. Film schools may also include courses and training in such subjects as television production, broadcasting, audio engineering, and animation.

Super 8 1972

One Day in September is a 1999 documentary film directed by Kevin Macdonald examining the 5 September 1972 murder of 11 Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany. Michael Douglas provides the sparse narration throughout the film.

The film won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature in 2000.

 

Intermezzo Roma

Renaissance intermezzo
The Renaissance intermezzo was also called the intermedio. It was a masque-like dramatic piece with music, which was performed between the acts of a play at Italian court festivities on special occasions, especially weddings. By the late 16th century, the intermezzo had become the most spectacular form of dramatic performance, and an important precursor to opera. The most famous examples were created for Medici weddings in 1539, 1565, and 1589.

La Drome

One of a video editor’s main decisions is whether to actually include a shot/scene or not.

Does the scene/shot add to the story or does it detract?
Is it meaningful to advance the story. Is there a better choice?
Does it evoke emotion on the part of the viewer or is it boring?
Does it make the finished movie too long?

Dutch village walk

In the early 20th century, Russian filmmaker and theorist Lev Kuleshov discovered that a single shot of an actor with an ambiguous expression on his face could convey a multitude of very distinct meanings in the mind of the viewer, depending on the nature of the shot immediately preceding it. In 1918 he conducted his famous experiment (below) using a single shot of the silent film actor Ivan Mozzhukhin’s face looking at something off-camera. Kuleshov spliced it in with a series of quite different images–a bowl of soup, a dead child, a scantily clad woman–and discovered that the audience would interpret Mozzhukhin’s emotion (hunger, pity, lust) depending on the juxtaposition.

Zaragossa Plaza

 

The essentials of audio production in the video world. First is the audio delivery format. In the old days, we had to produce separate mono and stereo mixes, depending on the production's audience. Today, stereo soundtracks are the norm, but surround mixes are becoming popular ÃÂ A stereo mix provides a nice balance between the extremes. This provides a wonderful sense of space and allow you to place audio building blocks across the width of the scene. Next, there are the actual elements. Recorded under controlled circumstances, an authoritative voice-over helps guide the viewer.ÃÂ In dramatic videos, much like movies or television, there is the dialog track. Natural sound is another critical component. Recorded either with the video or separately, natural sound gives your viewer a sense of the events onscreen. The third element is music -- specifically stereo music. Whether you record it yourself or use a buy-out library, stereo music is the glue that holds your production together. Finally, there are sound effects; whooshes, bangs, clunks and dings that command attention and punctuate special parts of your production.

Stop at Montserrat

The mountain of Montserrat has been of religious significance since pre-Christian times, when the Romans built a temple to honor Venus.

By one account, the image of the Madonna was moved to Montserrat in 718, to avoid the danger posed by invading Saracens.

Legend has it that the Benedictine monks could not move the statue to construct their monastery, choosing to instead build around it. The statue's sanctuary is located at the rear of the chapel, where an altar of gold surrounds the icon, and is now a site of pilgrimage.

Ons rijk is een Dierenrijk

A trailer (also known as a preview or coming attraction) is an advertisement or a commercial for a feature film that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, the result of creative and technical work. The term "trailer" comes from their having originally been shown at the end of a feature film screening.[1] That practice did not last long, because patrons tended to leave the theater after the films ended, but the name has stuck. Trailers are now shown before the film begins

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Steps into Florence

What is a Sequence?
When you take a wide shot, put it together with three medium-shots and two close-ups in order to show that someone made a telephone call or built a chair, it’s called a sequence.

More technically, sequence refers to a series of shots that depict a single incident or happening. In most professional video production, the shot changes every five seconds or so. To hang on a shot any longer than that is considered boring. So you do not use just one shot of an event, you use a lot. Editing them together is called a sequence.

In video, a sequence is analogous to paragraphs and sentences in verbal storytelling. Take eight to ten words, string them together artfully based on the rules of grammar and you communicate a basic idea. String that sentence with other, related sentences to build a paragraph for more complex written story-telling.

 

Early days of Zuyderzee

In several shorts and in long documentaries like Alleman / The Human Dutch and Stem van het water / The Voice of the Water Haansta reflected on The Netherlands and its inhabitants. All these films made him one of the most popular filmmakers in the history of Dutch cinema. The documentary Alleman was seen in the cinema by 20 percent of the total Dutch population. In the seventies and eighties Haanstra addressed a new subject. He made several films about animals. In the long documentary Bij de beesten af / Ape and Super-Ape (1973), for which he collaborated with Frans de Waal and Jane Goodall, among others, he compared the behavior of animals and human beings. In total Haanstra received close to a hundred awards.

Music: Ode to joy

Film scores encompass an enormous variety of styles of music, depending on the nature of the films they accompany. The majority of scores are orchestral works rooted in Western classical music, but many scores are also influenced by jazz, rock, pop, blues, new-age and ambient music, and a wide range of ethnic and world music styles. Since the 1950s, a growing number of scores have also included electronic elements as part of the score, and many scores written today feature a hybrid of orchestral and electronic instruments

Making of a documentary for TV

A television film (also known as a TV film; television movie; TV movie; telefilm; telemovie; made-for-television film; direct-to-TV film; movie of the week (MOTW or MOW); feature-length drama; single drama and original movie) is a feature-length motion picture that is produced for, and originally distributed by or to, a television network, in contrast to theatrical films, which are made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters.

Defending homosexuals

Erotic film is less sexually explicit than hardcore pornography. The visual representation of genitalia (full nudity) is increasingly in film and television. Softcore also typically contains depictions of sexual activity, such as sexual intercourse or masturbation. The sexual activity is typically simulated. Softcore typically does not contain explicit depictions of vaginal or anal penetration, cunnilingus, fellatio and ejaculation.Portions of images that are considered too explicit may be obscured in a variety of ways, such as the use of draped hair or clothing, carefully positioned hands or other body parts, carefully positioned foreground elements in the scene (often plants or drapery), and carefully chosen camera angles.

In most cases sexual acts depicted in softcore are simulated by the actors and actress with no actual penetration occurring. The actors may wear latex genital covers to prevent physical contact. Film directors go to great lengths to obscure such covers on screen, but often fail to completely hide them. In most countries softcore films can be rated or classified, usually on a restricted rating. Depending on local laws, a restricted film may be sold, typically in a sex shop, hired, exhibited or broadcast. The exhibition of such films may be restricted to those above a certain age, typically 18. The broadcasting of such films is most strictly regulated.

Citta di Lucca

Commedia dell'arte is a form of theater characterized by masked "types" which began in Italy in the 16th century and was responsible for the advent of the actress and improvised performances based on sketches or scenarios. The closest translation of the name is "comedy of craft"; it is shortened from commedia dell'arte all'improvviso, or "comedy of the craft of improvisation". Here, arte does not refer to "art" as we currently consider the word, but rather to that which is made by artigiani
(artisans). In fact, the term arte was coined much later, for in the early period the term used in contemporary accounts is commedia all'improviso. This was to distinguish the form from commedia erudita or learned comedy that was written by academics and performed by amateurs. Commedia dell'arte, conversely, was performed by professional actors (comici) who perfected a specific role or mask.

Japan and robots

 

Science fiction can trace its roots back to ancient mythology, and is related to fantasy, horror, and superhero fiction, and contains many subgenres. Its exact definition has long been disputed among authors, critics, scholars, and readers. Science fiction, in literature, film, television, and other media, has become popular and influential over much of the world, It has been called the "literature of ideas", and often explores the potential consequences of scientific, social, and technological innovations. It is also often said to inspire a "sense of wonder". Besides providing entertainment, it can also criticize present-day society and explore alternatives. 

 

Making of a feature film

TRAILER AND FILM " welcome in our beighbourhood" see else on this site

The TV image is composed of many lines of pixels. Ideally, the TV watcher sits far enough away from the screen that the individual lines merge into one solid image. The watcher may sit even farther away and still see a good picture, but it will be a smaller portion of their visual field. The resolution of the human eye (with 20/20 vision) is about one minute of arc. For full HDTV resolution, this one minute of arc implies that the TV watcher should sit 4 times the height of the screen away. So the ideal set size can be determined from the chart below by measuring the distance from where the watcher would sit to the screen in centimeters (or inches), dividing that by 4, and comparing with the screen heights below. Do not be surprised if the observer can see the pixels at this viewing distance as most normal people see far better than 6/6 ([20/20 vision]). If the user is replacing a standard definition TV with an HDTV this implies that the best visual experience will be with a set that is twice as tall as the standard definition set. As the average size LCD TV being sold is now 38"[when?], which is only about 15% taller than a 27" standard definition TV, this means that most consumers buy HDTV sets that are smaller than what they could utilize. Cost and budget also limit screen size.

 

Denver USA

The IMDB for Film and TV lists over 280 feature films, tv specials and series where Denver served as the location. Given the varied and spectacular scenery in and around Denver, this number will only grow.
FILM CONNECTION of Denver has a unique mentor apprentice program for students looking for careers in the film and TV industries. FILM CONNECTION provides one-on-one mentoring in directing, producing, camera, lighting, editing and more.
FILM CONNECTION students receive their education on real movie sets or TV studios while working on real feature films or televisions shows and commercials. You will be working your butt off in a Denver TV studio, film set or remote location on a major TV or film feature, special, series, documentary or commercial, all the while gaining real world work experience and a host of industry connections. No wonder the majority of FILM CONNECTION students have a job offer before they graduate.

The Alps again

William Tell
Set in the early 14th century (traditional date 1307, during the rule of Albert of Habsburg), the first written records of the legend date to the later of the 15th century, when the Swiss Confederacy was gaining military and political influence. Tell is a central figure in Swiss national historiography, along

with Arnold von Winkelried the hero of Sempach (1386). He was important as a symbol during the formative stage of modern Switzerland in the 19th century, known as the period of Restoration and Regeneration, as well as in the wider history of 18th to 19th century Europe as a symbol of resistance against aristocratic rule, especially in the Revolutions of 1848 against a House of Habsburg which still ruled Austria five hundred years later.

Trip to TEXEL

Today the video camera is as commonplace as the television set. In the early years of cinema it was hard to distinguish amateur from professional films, as the first film-makers began with films made in private. In the early 1920s a distinct amateur film culture emerged. Film material constantly decreased in width, from initially 35-mm to 16-mm (1923), 9.5-mm (1921), and finally to only 8-mm (1932). 8-mm film established itself as the standard for home movies, and cine-camera productions became affordable for broad sections of the population.

The introduction of Super-8 film in 1963 and the Super-8 sound film cartridge in 1973 created ideal conditions for home movies, but the new technology of magnetic film recording on video cassettes introduced in the 1980s soon conquered the global market and heralded the swift end of conventional amateur filmmaking.

Ghost Town

The Western is a genre of various arts, such as film, television, radio, literature, painting and others. Westerns are devoted to telling stories set primarily in the latter half of the 19th century in the American Old West, hence the name. Some Westerns are set as early as the Battle of the Alamo in 1836.
The Western genre sometimes portrays the conquest of the wilderness and the subordination of nature in the name of civilization or the confiscation of the territorial rights of the original inhabitants of the frontier. The Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice such as the feud, rather than one organized around rationalistic, abstract law, in which social order is maintained predominately through relatively impersonal institutions. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, usually a cowboy or a gunfighter.

 

Amateur vacation film

The standard 8 mm film format was developed by the Eastman Kodak company during the Great Depression and released on the market in 1932 to create a home movie format that was less expensive than 16 mm. The film spools actually contain a 16 mm film with twice as many perforations along each edge than normal 16 mm film; on its first pass through the camera, the film is only exposed along half of its width. When the first the spools are flipped and swapped (pass is complete, the camera is opened and the same film is then exposed along its other edge, the edge left unexposed on the first pass. After processing, the film is split down the middle, resulting in two lengths of 8 mm film, each with a single row of perforations along one edge, thereby yielding four times as many frames from the same amount of 16 mm film — and hence the cost savings. Because of the two passes of the film, the format was sometimes called Double 8.

Pharaoh in Amsterdam

A replica is a copying closely resembling the original concerning its shape and appearance. An inverted replica complements the original by filling its gaps. It can be a copy used for historical purposes, such as being placed in a museum. Replicas and reproductions can be related to any form of licensing an image for others to use, whether it is through photos, postcards, prints, miniature or full size copies they represent a resemblance of the original object.
A prop replica is an authentic-looking duplicate of a prop from a movie or television show.
There is to day a public fascination with the multiple expeditions searching for the tomb of Tutankhamun by archaeologist Howard Carter who eventually discovered the tomb on November 4, 1922

Polar cabin

The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration was an era beginning at the end of the 19th century and closing with Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, the survivors stepping ashore in Wellington, New Zealand February 9th 1917. Historian Aant Elzinga gives the much later date of 1945, considering World War II to be the turning point in Antarctic research. During this period the Antarctic continent became the focus of an international effort that resulted in intensive scientific and geographical exploration and in which 17 major Antarctic expeditions were launched from ten countries. The common factor in these expeditions was the limited nature of the resources available to them before advances in transport and communication technologies revolutionized the work of exploration. This meant that each expedition became a feat of endurance that tested its personnel to physical and mental limits, and sometimes beyond. The "heroic" label, bestowed later, recognized the adversities which had to be overcome by these pioneers, some of whom did not survive the experience; during this period 19 expedition members died.

Istanbul

Dubbing, mixing, or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.

The process usually takes place on a dub stage. After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks (dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, and music), the dubbing mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack. Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as "additional dialogue replacement", "additional dialogue recording", and "looping", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.

Outside the film industry, the term "dubbing" most commonly refers to the replacement of the voices of the actors shown on the screen with those of different performers speaking another language, which is called "revoicing" in the film industry.

Unkown Paris

Probably the easiest one to control is the focal length of the lens being used. Focal length refers to whether it is a wide angle or telephoto lens. Most video cameras have a zoom lens, which is also known as a variable focal length lens. This means it has a wide angle setting, a telephoto setting and all settings in-between. As you zoom in and out, you are changing focal length.

By its very nature, a telephoto lens has a shallow depth of field. The longer the lens, the less depth of field. A 400 mm lens has virtually no depth of field whereas a modest telephoto, like an 80 mm, will have a slight depth of field.

A wide angle lens has a deep depth of field. The wider the lens, the larger the depth of field. An extreme wide angle lens has an infinite depth of field. It is almost impossible for any part of a wide angle shot to be out of focus because the depth of field is so great. It almost does not matter where your focus is actually set, everything will be in focus.

 

Bad Kreuznach

A spa town (also called a bathing-place or simply a spa) is a specialized resort town situated around a mineral spa (a developed mineral spring). Patrons visited spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits. The word comes from the Belgian town Spa. In continental Europe a spa was known as a ville d'eau (town of water).
The term spa is used for towns or resorts offering hydrotherapy which can include cold water or mineral water treatments and hot thermal baths.