Rundgang Gottingen

Before the widespread use of non-linear editing systems, the initial editing of all films was done with a positive copy of the film negative called a film workprint (cutting copy in UK) by physically cutting and pasting together pieces of film, using a splicer and threading the film on a machine with a viewer such as a Moviola, or "flatbed" machine such as a K.-E.-M. or Steenbeck. Today, most films are edited digitally (on systems such as Avid or Final Cut Pro) and bypass the film positive workprint altogether. In the past, the use of a film positive (not the original negative) allowed the editor to do as much experimenting as he or she wished, without the risk of damaging the original.

Vue de Sud de France

In video display technology, panning refers to the horizontal scrolling of an image that is wider than the display.
Panning a camera results in a motion similar to that of someone shaking their head "no" or of an aircraft performing a yaw rotation.

Filmmaking and professional video cameras pan by turning horizontally on a vertical axis, but the effect may be enhanced by adding other techniques, such as rails to move the whole camera platform. Slow panning is also combined with zooming in or out on a single subject, leaving the subject in the same portion of the frame, to emphasize or de-emphasize the subject respectively.

Schones Sauerland

 

 

 Go widescreen? Video in general is slowly moving away from a square aspect ratio (like old TVs) to widescreen. Traditional TV is presented in a 4:3 aspect ratio while HDTV and much modern WEb video is moving to a wider ratio of 16x9. If you have a high-end video camera that can shoot in 16x9 its recommend doing it.

Eau du Midi

Discontinuous editing describes the deliberate or accidental violation of rules of continuity when editing films. The viewer's expectation of continuity can be violated by such methods as changing image size or tone between shots, changing direction or changing shots before the viewer has time to recognize what is happening. It is also known as montage editing, and employs a series of often rapid and non-matching cuts which creates a style the audience is conspicuously aware of, or alternatively that create uneven and unpredictable rhythms and emphasize the rapidity of movement between images.